9. How to protect your attention？注意保护你的注意力！

郑鹏-Pen

:关掉一切通知，只在自己想看某个app的时候才主动打开去看。嘿嘿

郑鹏-Pen

:Addicted to Distraction 1 David Strayer never texts or talks on a phone when he is driving. Strayer is a cognitive psychologist at the University of Utah who specializes in attention. His research shows that, when driving, using a phone can be as dangerous as drinking alcohol. 2 Strayer and other scientists warn against multitasking. When we do many things at the same time, Strayer says, our brain becomes tired easily. We make mistakes and lose focus. Yet multitasking is increasingly common, especially on a phone or computer. Dr. Gloria Mark, a digital media researcher, has found that people in the United States switch tasks on their computers 566 times a day. This type of multitasking is especially common among teenagers. On average, a teenager spends between 7 and 11 hours a day in front of a screen-doing homework, texting, watching videos—often all at the same time. 3 Phones, tablets, and laptops are all useful tools, and we may feel more productive when we use them. However，when we spend hours on digital devices-constantly switching between activities-our overall productivity decreases. Why? 4 Many digital activities require high levels of concentration. When we text or email someone, for example, or even play games, we have to focus. When we do this, our brain uses energy. When we multitask—which is hard for the brain to do we use even more energy. Excessive multitasking reduces our ability to think clearly and creatively, and to remember information. This, in turn, can result in stress.

郑鹏-Pen

:5 What is the best cure for our overstressed minds? David Strayer says the answer is simple: Spend some time in nature. A Natural Remedy 6 Strayer and other scientists are studying nature's effect on our brains and bodies. When we are in natural environments, the prefrontal cortex (the brain's control center) relaxes. Studies show that when people can see trees and grass, they are calmer and do better in school. Indeed, people even relax when they look at photos of nature. Consequently, they do better on different cognitive tasks. 7 Other psychologists are also studying "nature therapy." In a study at Chiba University in Japan, 84 subjects went for a 15-minute walk in seven different forests. The same number of people walked around different city centers. Researchers then took blood from each person. The forest walkers had a 16 percent decrease in the stress hormone cortisol. In addition, they had a 2 percent drop in blood pressure and a 4 percent drop in heart rate. All did better than the city walkers. Lead researcher Yoshifumi Miyazaki has an explanation for these results. Our bodies relax in pleasant natural surroundings, he says. Humans evolved in that environment, not in places with tall buildings and lots of traffic. 8 Psychologist Stephen Kaplan and his colleagues have done similar research. In one study, people took a 50-minute walk in a public garden. In a test conducted afterwards, their short term memory improved. When the same people walked on a city street, it did not. 9 Kaplan says it is the visual details in nature—sunsets, streams, butterflies—that reduce stress and mental fatigue. We enjoy them without having to concentrate on them. This allows our brains to rest and recover from the stresses of modern life. “Imagine a therapy that was readily available, and could improve your cognitive functioning at zero cost,” Kaplan says. “It exists: it's called ‘interacting with nature.’”

郑鹏-Pen

:非常nice，我也是边录边觉得自己在被打脸。