The paper focuses on the dynamics of fluid transport and immunity within the central nervous system (CNS). Authored by a large, collaborative group of international experts, the article synthesizes recent advancements in understanding the glymphatic system, the brain's waste clearance mechanism, and the role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in connecting the brain to the peripheral immune system. Key areas of discussion include the anatomical pathways of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, the importance of physiological factors like sleep and vascular pulsation in driving clearance, and the complex neuroimmune interactions occurring at the brain borders. The review also addresses ongoing scientific debates, contrasts findings between rodent models and human studies, and highlights emerging noninvasive imaging strategies for assessing fluid dynamics in clinical settings.

References:

• Kipnis J, Benveniste H, Eichmann A, et al. Resolving the mysteries of brain clearance and immune surveillance[J]. Neuron, 2025.