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Dean：Today we learn the word aim. Aim means “to try to reach a goal.” It also means “a target you want to hit.” In simple words, you aim when you try to do something. Moli, how do you understand “aim” in Chinese?
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茉莉：“aim” 的意思是：瞄准并想达到某个目标；也可以指一个想要去做成的目标。对应英文很短可以说：to reach a goal. 那这个词通常是什么词性？常用在什么地方？
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Dean：Aim is a noun and also a verb. As a verb, it means you try to do something, and you keep your focus on a goal. Now let’s study with examples. Example 1: “I aim to study English every day.”
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茉莉：这句话的意思是“我想要每天学习英语”，说话人给自己设了一个目标，并且会尽量做到。这里的 aim 表示“目标、打算”。 Dean, can you explain the feeling of this sentence in simpler English?
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Dean：It sounds like a plan or a goal. It is not a promise, but it shows your intention. Example 2: “The police aim to find the missing boy quickly.”
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茉莉：这句话的意思是“警方力求很快找到走失的男孩”，强调他们有一个行动目标。这里的 aim 表示“努力、力求（做某事）”。 Dean, tell us what this suggests about the police action in simpler English.
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Dean：It suggests they are working hard with a clear goal. It sounds serious and focused. Example 3: “She took a deep breath and aimed at the center of the target.”
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茉莉：这句话的意思是“她深呼吸，然后对准靶子的中心”，是把注意力放在一个具体位置上。这里的 aim 表示“对准、瞄准”。 接下来，我们讲词根词缀与词源。
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Dean：What are the word roots, affixes, and etymology of aim?
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茉莉：aim 这个词本身没有明显的可拆分词根词缀结构，它更像是一个“原生词”。从构词角度看，aim 不是通过前缀加词根加后缀形成的，而是一个独立词形。 同族词或派生词可以这样理解（重点看不同词性的变化）： 1 aimless 没有目标的，less 表示“没有、缺少”的感觉 2 reaim 重新瞄准，re 表示“再一次” 3 aiming 正在瞄准的/瞄准行为，aiming 是 aim 加 ing，表示动作或进行中的状态 4 aimed 瞄准过的/目标明确的，aimed 是 aim 的过去分词形式，常用来表示“已经瞄准”的结果 5 an aim 一个目标，aim 作名词时常用这个结构 词源演化上，aim 来自古法语或更早的拉丁词系，和“瞄准、指向、投向”有关。后来进入英语后，含义从“指向某处、瞄准”逐渐延伸到“为了某个目标而努力”，也就是现在常见的 to aim to do（打算/力求做某事）和 a goal you want to hit（目标、靶标）的用法。 一句话总结关键点：它原本更强调“朝向某个点”的动作，后来发展为“为了目标而努力的计划与意图”，所以今天既能说“瞄准”，也能说“打算达到目标”。 下一部分讲搭配、场景与互动。
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Dean：Give me the most common collocation with “aim”: use “aim to + verb” in a real scenario. For example, at school, what do students often say they aim to do?
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茉莉：aim to + 动词 这个搭配表示“目标是做某事”，语气很自然，有计划感和努力方向。常见于学校和工作场景，比如你和同学说“我aim to通过考试”，听起来像一个明确的打算，而不是随便说说。
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Dean：Great. Here is a short example: “I aim to finish my homework before dinner.” In this sentence, “aim to finish” means “try and work toward finishing.” Moli, what do you think is the tricky part—aim here is closer to “plan” or closer to “hope”?
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茉莉：这里稍微需要注意的是：aim 更像“计划 + 努力朝目标走”，而不只是“希望”。在学习场景里用 aim to 很自然，表达的是你会认真去做、会保持方向。
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Dean：Next collocation please, in a new scenario: at sports, news, or emergency situations.
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茉莉：the police aim to do sth 这个搭配里，aim to do sth 用法和前面类似，但更强调“力求、尽最大努力”。使用场景通常是新闻报道、公共事件或紧急情况，比如警方、救援队“aim to find/stop/save”。它比普通的“want to”更正式、更有紧迫感。
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Dean：Let’s practice: “The rescue team aims to reach the hikers by night.” “aims to” means “tries hard to,” and “by night” means “before night.” Moli, explain in Chinese: why does “aims to” sound more serious than “wants to” in this kind of news?
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茉莉：因为 aim to 带有“为了目标而努力”的强方向感，听起来像有任务和时间要求，所以在新闻语境里更正式、更紧迫。用 wants to 会显得更个人、更不那么像官方行动。
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Dean：Ask for collocation 3 in a new scenario.
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茉莉：aim at + 名词/动名词 这个搭配表示“把目标对准…/针对…”，语感是“方向性”很强。常见于讨论策略、活动、广告或训练内容，比如“aim at improving speaking”或“aim at teenagers”。在教学、营销或计划里都很常用，比较贴近“针对某类对象或某个方向”。
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Dean：Now a simple example: “This class aims at improving my speaking.” “aims at” means “focuses on” in this sentence. Moli, what part do you think is the key word after “aim at”—a noun or an action?
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茉莉：关键在后面通常接名词或动名词，比如 improving 这种“动作/过程”。在课堂语境里说“aims at improving”很自然，因为它强调课程的目标就是提升你的说话能力。
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Dean：Ask for collocation 4 in a new scenario.
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茉莉：aim for + 目标数字/结果 这个搭配表示“争取达到某个目标数值或结果”，语感更像制定一个量化的期望，比如分数、时间、数量。常见于学习备考、工作KPI、跑步训练等场景，比如“aim for 90 points”“aim for two meetings a week”。
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Dean：Example: “I aim for 90 points on the test.” “aim for” means “try to get that number.” Moli, tell me: is 90 points a real promise, or just a target?
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茉莉：90 points 不是承诺，更像一个目标。用 aim for 表示你会努力争取，带有“尽量做到”的感觉，所以它更符合A2-B1的目标表达方式。
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Dean：Ask for collocation 5 in a new scenario.
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茉莉：aim at the center / aim at the target 这个搭配很适合说“瞄准”，强调把注意力和动作对准某个具体点。场景常见于射击、体育运动、游戏练习，或者你给别人指导动作。它比只说 aim 更具体，听起来更直观、更有画面感。
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Dean：Quick practice: “Aim at the target, then breathe.” “Moli, in this sentence, what does “Aim at the target” mean in Chinese?”
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茉莉：它的意思是“瞄准靶子/对准目标”。在这种口令式的动作指导里很自然，因为它强调具体位置，也符合真实场景的表达。
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Dean：Ask for collocation 6 in a new scenario.
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茉莉：have an aim（或 have one aim）这个搭配表示“有一个目标/有一个意图”。语感偏概括，用在写作、讨论想法、做决定之前。场景可以是写计划、讨论人生或项目方向，比如“Before the meeting, I have one aim: to get answers.” 它不像 aim to 那么“具体动作”，更像“总体目标”。
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Dean：Example: “I have one aim: to learn faster.” Moli, explain the meaning of this sentence. Is it talking about a daily plan or a main purpose?
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茉莉：这是在说一个主要目的。它更像你要达到的方向或核心目标，不一定是每天都做的具体步骤，但可以引导你去做相应计划。在讨论动机或方向时很自然。
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Dean：Now an interactive quiz. Choose the more natural expression: “I aim to study English every day.” or “I aim study English every day.” Which one is correct, and why? Give a short answer.
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茉莉：我用中文复述：题目让你选更自然的表达，是 “I aim to study English every day.” 还是 “I aim study English every day.”。要点是看 “aim to” 后面必须接动词，而且要有 “to”，表达的是“目标是去做某事”。答案出来后，我们接下来想了解这个词和它的近义词有什么区别。
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Dean：What are some common synonyms of “aim”? How are they different in usage?
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茉莉：aim 的常见近义词可以有：target、goal、intend、plan、focus。我们一个一个来对比，先看第一个：target。
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Dean：OK, what is the first synonym? How should I use it correctly?
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茉莉：target。含义上，target 更强调“要打中/要达到的具体对象”，常和位置或结果联系很紧。适用场景上，体育、射击、营销或任务目标里更常见，也常说 “a target to hit”。语气上通常很中性，但比 aim 更偏具体结果。搭配上更常见 “target + noun”，或 “hit a target”。例句：I am aiming at a target in the game. / My target is to improve my score.
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Dean：I understand. What about the next synonym? How is it different?
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茉莉：goal。含义上，goal 是“想要达到的终点”，比 target 更宽泛，也更适合长期目标。适用场景上，学校、工作、生活计划里很常用，比如学习目标或人生方向。语气上通常更积极、更像“人生规划”。搭配上常见 “set a goal” 和 “achieve a goal”。例句：I set a goal to study English every day. / She has a goal for this year.
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Dean：Great. Ask about the third synonym.
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茉莉：intend。含义上，intend 更强调“我打算做某事”，通常表示更明确、更正式的意图。适用场景上，写作、正式表达和表达计划时更常见；日常聊天也可以用，但会显得更认真。语气上比 aim 更正式，有时也更正式承诺的感觉，但不一定像 promise 那么强。搭配上常见 “intend to + verb”。例句：I intend to start a new course next week. / They intend to expand the program.
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Dean：What about the fourth synonym?
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茉莉：plan。含义上，plan 强调“一个安排好的步骤或行动方案”，比 aim 更像你已经组织好怎么做。适用场景上，日常生活和工作安排里很常见，比如今天怎么做、下周怎么安排。语气上比 aim 更具体、更有结构感。搭配上常见 “make a plan” 和 “have a plan to + verb”。例句：I have a plan to study English for 30 minutes a day. / We made a plan for the weekend.
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Dean：And the fifth synonym?
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茉莉：focus。含义上，focus 更强调“把注意力集中在某件事上”，不一定包含“朝目标努力直到达成”的感觉。适用场景上，学习方法、注意力管理、表达集中做某事时更常用，比如 focus on practice。语气上比 aim 更偏学习策略和状态。搭配上常见 “focus on + noun/gerund”。例句：I focus on speaking practice every day. / The teacher focuses on grammar first.
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Dean：Can you summarize when to use which word?
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茉莉：aim 更像“带着方向去努力的意图”，常用 aim to do 表达打算去做。target 更具体，像要打中的点或可衡量的目标；goal 更宽泛，适合长期终点；intend 更正式，强调明确意图；plan 更强调具体安排；focus 更强调注意力集中与学习方法。最后一部分我们来轻松一下，讲个和这个词相关的幽默小故事。
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Dean：We have learned so much. Now let’s relax with a fun short story about aim.
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茉莉：什么故事？
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Dean：Last Monday, I was in the school office. I had a form to fill in for my volunteer job. The teacher said, “Your aim is simple: write your name clearly.” Easy, right? So I took a pen and wrote my name… too big. The form looked like a billboard.
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茉莉：哈哈，你的名字像广告了。然后呢？老师怎么说？
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Dean：The teacher smiled and said, “Okay, good aim… but aim for the small box.” So I tried again. I wrote smaller. Then the pen ran out. I looked at the form and I whispered, “My aim is to finish today.” But the paper just stared at me, like, “No, you do not aim. You fail.”
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茉莉：听起来很尴尬又很可笑。你最后成功了吗？
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Dean：Yes, but not in a smart way. A friend helped me. She said, “Aim at the center of the box.” So I followed her advice. I put the pen down carefully… and pressed too hard. Now my name had a perfect target shape. The teacher said, “Great! You hit the box!” Then she laughed and said, “Next time, aim to finish your form, not to make art.”
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茉莉：哈哈，这个故事总结得太形象了！你这里用到的关键用法有两个：aim is your goal，像“你的目标是完成”；还有 aim at the center，表示“把注意力和动作对准某个位置”。
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Dean：Today we used aim in real life. We saw aim to + verb for plans, we saw aim at + noun for directing at a place, and we saw aim for a result in the way we set expectations. Great job, everyone. Now take a deep breath and… aim to enjoy your English today!
