2
01
,000 --> ,599
Dean：Today word is percent. Percent means “out of 100” and it is “a part of a whole.” So, it is out of 100. Moli, how do you understand this word in Chinese?
2
,099 --> ,339
茉莉：percent 的意思是“百分之……”，用来表示数量在 100 里面占多少；也就是比例的一种表达方式。英文对应是 out of 100。这个词是什么词性，常怎么用？
3
,839 --> ,359
Dean：Percent is a noun and also used like an adjective before numbers. We often write it with a number, like 50 percent. Now let’s use an example to learn. Sentence 1: “The sale is 20 percent off.”
4
,859 --> ,460
茉莉：这句话的场景是商店促销。20 percent off 表示打八折左右，也就是价格比原来少了 20%。其中 off 在这里表示“减少/减去”。你能用更简单的英文解释这句话吗？
5
,960 --> ,680
Dean：Sure. It means the price becomes 20% lower. We use percent with numbers to talk about changes in price or amounts. Example 2: “In my class, 70 percent of students have a bike.”
6
,180 --> ,860
茉莉：这句话是在班级分享情况。意思是“在我的班里，70% 的学生有自行车”。70 percent 是一个比例数字，表示大多数但不是全部。你可以再告诉我这句在语感上更像是在说“比例”还是“人数”吗？
7
,360 --> ,680
Dean：It feels like a proportion, not exact people. We talk about a group size by using percent. Example 3: “The test has a passing score of 60 percent.”
8
,180 --> ,940
茉莉：这句话的场景是考试。意思是“及格分是 60%”。60 percent 这里表示分数的标准比例。接下来，我们会讲词根词缀与词源。
9
,440 --> ,439
Dean：What are the word roots and affixes in percent, and how did the word come to mean “out of 100”?
10
,939 --> ,939
茉莉：我们可以把 percent 想成一个“拼出来的故事”。它的前面写着 per，后面接着 cent，合起来就是“每一份是多少”，而这个“份”对应的就是 cent 这个核心意思。cent 在拉丁语里和“百”有关，所以你看它和我们熟悉的 cent 完全是一脉相承。比如我们说 a cent、century 这些词，都是在讲“分到钱的那一小单位”或“一个百年的时间”。所以 percent 本质上就是“按每百来计算”的那种表达方式，后来才变得特别常用来谈比例、折扣和百分比。
11
,439 --> ,840
Dean：So what did this word originally mean, and how did it change to our modern everyday use?
12
,340 --> ,180
茉莉：好，我们讲它的身世就像追一个时间线。percent 里那组 per 和 cent，最早其实是用拉丁语的思想来表达“每一百”。可以想象古代的人在算税、算贸易、算份额时，需要一种说法去表示“以一百为基础的计算结果”。于是它带着“每百对应多少”的感觉慢慢被写进各种账本和计算里。后来随着语言和数字表达越来越标准化，“每百多少”就逐渐固定下来，不一定只用来算钱或税了，而是可以用来表达任何比例：比如考试分数、增长幅度、调查结果。到了今天，percent 变成了非常日常的词，你几乎在任何数据相关的话题里都能看到它，我觉得最有趣的是它本来只是一个计算方式，最后居然成了我们说“百分比”的默认语言。下一部分我们就来聊搭配、常见场景和互动方式怎么用它。
13
,680 --> ,960
Dean：Imagine you check your phone after buying a drink. The receipt says “10 percent tax included.” You did not pay the full price you first saw. Moli, in this kind of situation, how do we use this word?
14
,460 --> ,900
茉莉：第一个搭配是 “percent tax”。在新闻或日常生活里，税费常常会写成某个百分比。比如你看到“10 percent tax included”，它就是在说税是按百分比算出来的，然后已经包含在价格里了。这里的语感是偏“信息说明”，很像账单上的标准写法。
15
,400 --> ,720
Dean：Yes. We say “percent tax” to talk about the tax rate. Example: “This meal includes 8 percent tax.”
16
,220 --> ,540
茉莉：“includes” 说明已经包含在内，这种账单语境很自然。需要注意的是，tax 在这里是名词，percent 放在前面一起描述税率。
17
,040 --> ,600
Dean：Now think about school. You get a homework back, and your teacher writes: “Your score is 85 percent.” You want to know if you did well. Moli, how do we use percent here?
18
,100 --> ,260
茉莉：第二个搭配是 “percent score”。在学习和考试场景里，人们会用它来表示分数的比例或等级。比如 85 percent 就是你拿到的分数占满分的百分比。语感上更像“成绩结果”，在老师点评或作业回执里特别常见。
19
,760 --> ,800
Dean：We use “percent score” when we talk about grades. Example: “My percent score is 85.”
20
,300 --> ,580
茉莉：这里的 score 是成绩，percent score 更强调“百分比形式的分数”。如果你只说 score，有时不清楚是数字分还是百分比，所以用 percent 会更准确。
21
,080 --> ,280
Dean：Let’s switch to work. You check a report about a team project. It says: “Sales grew by 12 percent.” You feel surprised, but you want to understand the change. How do we use percent in this scenario, Moli?
22
,780 --> ,260
茉莉：第三个搭配是 “by + percent”。它用来表示“变化幅度”，比如增长、下降、提升多少。你会在新闻、工作数据、产品数据里经常看到这种结构。语感是“幅度”，重点在变动的量，而不是具体人数或具体金额。
23
,760 --> ,920
Dean：We use “by + percent” to show the change. Example: “Our costs went down by 5 percent.”
24
,420 --> ,580
茉莉：“went down” 下降，“change” 的感觉更强。by + percent 就是把“变化多少”讲清楚。
25
,080 --> ,600
Dean：Final question for you, Moli. In one sentence, choose the more natural option: A) “The ticket is 20 percent off.” B) “The ticket is 20 percent tax.” Give your answer and make one short sentence with percent.
26
,100 --> ,140
茉莉：我选 A。要点是：off 用在折扣里，表示价格减少；tax 用在税费里，表示按税率计算。接下来我用一个句子练习：The ticket is 20 percent off.
27
,640 --> ,480
Dean：What are some common synonyms of percent? How are they different in usage?
28
,980 --> ,740
茉莉：常见“近义表达”主要有：percentage、ratio、proportion、rate。我们一个一个来对比，先看第一个。
29
,240 --> ,360
Dean：OK, what is the first synonym? How should I use it correctly?
30
,860 --> ,420
茉莉：first 是 percentage。percentage 和 percent 都表示“百分比”的意思，但 percentage 更正式，也更常用在书面语或更精确的表达里，比如报告、学术写作。它通常用在名词位置，搭配结构也更灵活。例句：The percentage of students who passed is 70.
31
,920 --> ,560
Dean：Got it. What about the next synonym? How is it different?
32
,060 --> ,140
茉莉：第二个是 ratio。ratio 更强调“比例关系”，不一定非要是百分之多少，也可以是其他形式，比如 2:1。它常用在数学、科学、逻辑解释。例句：The ratio of boys to girls is 3 to 2.
33
,640 --> ,840
Dean：Thanks. What about the third synonym?
34
,340 --> ,900
茉莉：第三个是 proportion。proportion 也表示“比例”，但语感更偏向“部分占整体的程度”，而且常用在讨论结构、分布或数量的平衡时。例句：Women make up a large proportion of the workforce.
35
,400 --> ,960
Dean：What about the fourth synonym?
36
,460 --> ,180
茉莉：第四个是 rate。rate 更常见于“增长率、利率、发生率”这种带“速度或变化频率”的意思，通常和时间有关，或强调某种持续变化。例句：Prices rose at a rate of 5 percent per year.
37
,680 --> ,000
Dean：Can you summarize when to use which word?
38
,500 --> ,260
茉莉：总结一下：如果你想强调“百分之多少”的计算结果，用 percent 或 percentage；如果你在讲“多少和多少的比”，不一定是 100 为基准，用 ratio；如果你想强调“部分在整体中的占比”，用 proportion；如果你在讲“增长/发生的速度或频率”，通常用 rate。最后一部分我们来轻松一下，讲个和这个词相关的幽默小故事。
39
,760 --> ,160
Dean：We have learned so much about percent. Now let’s relax with a fun short story.
40
,660 --> ,740
茉莉：什么故事？快说！
41
,240 --> ,200
Dean：So, last week at my office, we had a “meeting snack.” Someone brought chips, and the box said “30 percent more chips inside.” I was excited. Then my coworker, Sam, looked closely and said, “Wait… 30 percent more than what?”
42
,700 --> ,620
茉莉：哈哈，这个“多”的基准到底是什么！然后呢？他怎么做的？
43
,120 --> ,200
Dean：Sam opened the box and measured everything. He said, “I will calculate the percent score of chips!” Then our manager walked in and asked, “Why are you holding a ruler in the kitchen?” Sam replied, “Because the sale says 20 percent off! I need to know the percent difference!”
44
,700 --> ,660
茉莉：笑死，原来他们把“百分比”和“打分、计算”混在一起用了！最后你们的结果是怎样？
45
,160 --> ,160
Dean：We tried to be serious, but it was too late. We found the truth: it was “20 percent off,” and the “30 percent more chips” was just marketing. In the end, we shared the chips and said, “Percent is fine, but please show the number you compare!”
46
,660 --> ,580
茉莉：总结一下：这个故事里，percent 先出现在 “percent off” 这种折扣里；又出现了 “percent more” 这种宣传说法。你看，关键是比较的对象，不然就会像 Sam 一样用尺子算到天亮。
47
,080 --> ,560
Dean：Today we used percent with numbers like 50 percent. We practiced “percent off,” “percent tax,” “percent score,” and “by + percent.” Thanks for listening, and remember: when you see percent, always ask, “Percent of what?” See you next time!
