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0This research identifies a novel communication pathway where activated T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ATEVs) enhance the body’s ability to recognize and destroy tumors. These vesicles carry double-stranded genomic DNA enriched with immune-related genes, which they deliver directly into the nuclei of dendritic and cancer cells. This transfer is facilitated by granzyme B, a protein within the vesicles that temporarily disrupts the recipient cell's nuclear envelope to allow for transient gene expression. By restoring and boosting antigen processing and presentation, ATEVs significantly increase the visibility of "cold" or immune-silent tumors to the immune system. When utilized as an acellular immunotherapy, these vesicles overcome tumor evasion and work synergistically with checkpoint inhibitors to halt cancer progression. Ultimately, the study highlights a natural, non-viral method of horizontal gene transfer that strengthens anti-tumor immunity without the risks of permanent genetic integration.
References:
Hu M, Liu D A, Wortzel I, et al. Activated T cell extracellular vesicle DNA transfer enhances antigen presentation and anti-tumor immunity[J]. Cancer Cell, 2026.
