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0This review examines the evolutionary mechanisms of cancer development, focusing on the critical distinction between tumour initiation and tumour promotion. While traditional research emphasizes genetic mutations as the primary cause, the authors highlight that many carcinogens are not actually mutagens but instead act as promoters that encourage pre-existing mutant cells to expand. By integrating Darwinian principles with modern genomics and epidemiology, the source argues that the tissue microenvironment and chronic inflammation are key drivers of clonal selection. Understanding these non-mutagenic factors is essential for creating new prevention strategies, such as identifying promolytics to inhibit dangerous cell clusters. Ultimately, the text advocates for using ultra-deep sequencing and artificial intelligence to better detect and mitigate the effects of environmental tumour promoters.
References:
Lopez-Bigas N, Kandyba E, Gonzalez-Perez A, et al. Tumour promotion through the lens of evolution[J]. Nature, 2026, 652(8110): 591-601.
