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0This review explores how intratumoral microbiota—the diverse collection of bacteria, fungi, and viruses living within tumors—shapes the immune microenvironment and impacts the success of cancer immunotherapy. While these microorganisms can boost treatment by activating T cells and signaling pathways like STING, they can also drive therapeutic resistance by fostering immunosuppressive conditions. The text highlights that microbial compositions are highly specific to tumor types, such as pancreatic or lung cancer, and are influenced by the tumor's microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Researchers are investigating microbiota-targeted therapies, including engineered bacteria and metabolic interventions, to improve patient outcomes and predict prognosis. Despite promising preclinical results, the complexity of these microbial interactions and individual patient differences remain significant hurdles for clinical application. Use of these sources clarifies the dual role of the internal microbiome as both a pro-tumorigenic barrier and a potential therapeutic ally.
References:
Jia J, Gao W, Wang C, et al. Intratumoral microbiota remodeling of the tumor microenvironment impact solid tumor immunotherapy[J]. Cell Death & Disease, 2025, 17(1): 62.
