Impede【v.】 1. to delay or stop the progress of something阻碍，妨碍(某事的进展) *impede sth. The bad weather impeded our journey. 恶劣的天气阻碍了我们的旅程。 Lack of funding is impeding the progress of the research. 资金不足正在阻碍研究的进展。 2. to make it difficult for someone to do something妨碍，阻止(某人做某事) *impede sb from doing sth The new law does not impede citizens from exercising their rights. 新法律并不阻止公民行使他们的权利。 *impede sb./sth. to do sth. The new regulations may impede businesses to expand. 新法规可能会阻碍企业扩张。 The lack of resources impeded the team to complete the project on time. 资源不足阻碍了团队按时完成项目。

Suffer【v.】 1. to experience physical or mental pain遭受身体或精神的痛苦 He suffered a heart attack last year. 他去年遭受了一次心脏病发作。 Many people suffer from depression. 许多人患有抑郁症。 2. to experience something unpleasant经历(不愉快的事) The company suffered huge losses during the crisis. 公司在危机期间遭受了巨大损失。 The town suffered from severe flooding. 该镇遭受了严重的洪水。 3. to become worse in quality变差，恶化 Her grades suffered when she started working part-time. 她开始兼职后成绩下降了。 4. to tolerate or endure something忍受，忍耐 He could not suffer the pain any longer. 他再也忍受不了这种痛苦了。

leak【v.】 1. to allow liquid or gas to get in or out through a hole or crack漏，渗漏 The roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨屋顶都漏水。 The gas pipe was leaking and had to be repaired immediately. 煤气管道漏气，必须立即修理。 2. to intentionally give secret information to the public泄露，透露(秘密信息) Someone leaked the company's financial report to the press. 有人把公司的财务报告泄露给了媒体。 The whistleblower leaked classified documents to expose corruption. 举报人泄露了机密文件以揭露腐败。 Cf. reveal The leaked documents revealed corruption. 泄漏的文件揭露了贪污事件  leak【n.】 1. an escape of liquid or gas through a hole or crack泄漏；渗漏 The gas leak was detected early, preventing a disaster. 气体泄漏被及时发现，避免了一场灾难。 2. a small hole or crack that lets liquid or gas escape漏洞；裂缝 There's a leak in the roof that needs to be fixed. 屋顶有个漏洞需要修补。 3. a deliberate disclosure of secret information泄露；透露 The leak of confidential documents caused a political scandal. 机密文件的泄露引发了一场政治丑闻。

slight【adj.】 1. small in degree; not great or severe轻微的；微小的；不严重的 There was a slight improvement in his condition after the treatment. 经过治疗后，他的病情有轻微好转。 She felt a slight pain in her back. 她感到背部有些轻微的疼痛。 2. not big or heavy; small and thin瘦小的；纤弱的 He was a slight figure, barely five feet tall. 他身材瘦小，身高仅五英尺。  slight【v.】 to treat someone as if they are not important, especially by ignoring them or by not showing them respect轻视，怠慢，冷落(某人) She felt slighted when her boss didn't invite her to the meeting. 当老板没有邀请她参加会议时，她感到被冷落了。 He slighted his colleagues by not acknowledging their contributions. 他没有承认同事们的贡献，怠慢了大家。  slight【n.】 an act or instance of treating someone with disrespect or indifference轻视，怠慢 She took his comment as a slight and refused to speak to him for the rest of the evening. 她把他的评论当作一种轻视，并在接下来的晚上拒绝与他说话。

Nurture【n.】 1. the care and attention given to someone or something that is growing or developing养育，培育，培养 The nurture of young children requires patience and love. 养育年幼的孩子需要耐心和爱。 The school is dedicated to the nurture of artistic talent. 这所学校致力于培养艺术人才。 l nature vs nurture the debate over the relative importance of genetic inheritance and environmental factors in human development先天与后天的争论 The nature vs nurture debate has been a central topic in psychology for decades. 先天与后天的争论几十年来一直是心理学的核心话题。  nurture【v.】 1. to care for and protect somebody/something while they are growing and developing养育，培育（某人/某物） Parents nurture their children with love and care. 父母用爱和关怀养育他们的孩子。 The school aims to nurture students' talents. 学校旨在培养学生的才能。 2. to have a feeling, an idea, a plan, etc. for a long time and encourage it to develop怀有（感情、想法、计划等）并使其发展 He nurtured a hope that one day he would become a writer. 他怀有有一天成为作家的希望。 She nurtured a deep resentment towards her former boss. 她对前任老板怀有深深的怨恨。

Routine【n.】 1. a usual or regular way of doing things日常，惯例，例行公事 She found it hard to establish a new routine after retirement. 她发现退休后很难建立新的生活规律。 My morning routine includes jogging and reading the newspaper. 我的早晨例行活动包括慢跑和看报纸。 2. the boring state of things being always the same平淡乏味的状态 He needed to escape the routine of his daily life. 他需要摆脱日常生活的平淡乏味。  routine【adj.】 1. done as part of what normally happens, and not for any special reason常规的，例行的 The police conducted a routine check on the vehicle. 警方对车辆进行了例行检查。 Routine maintenance is essential for the machine's longevity. 例行维护对机器的寿命至关重要。 2. following a fixed pattern and not likely to change一成不变的，老一套的 His routine answers showed no originality. 他老一套的回答毫无新意。

Substantial【adj.】 1. large and satisfying in amount丰盛的，充足的 We had a substantial breakfast before the hike. 我们在徒步旅行前吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 The meal was substantial enough to feed everyone. 这顿饭足够丰盛，可以喂饱所有人。 2. large in amount or degree大量的，可观的 The company has seen substantial growth in recent years. 公司近年来取得了显著的增长。 She inherited a substantial amount of money from her grandfather. 她从祖父那里继承了一大笔钱。 3. important, real, or meaningful重要的，实质的，有意义的 There is no substantial evidence to support his claim. 没有实质性的证据支持他的主张。 The changes will have a substantial impact on the economy. 这些变化将对经济产生重大影响。

Sponsor to pay for someone to do something or for something to happen赞助，资助 The company sponsors several golf tournaments each year. 这家公司每年赞助几场高尔夫锦标赛。 to support a proposal or project by officially approving it and sometimes also by providing money支持，发起（提案或项目） The government is sponsoring a new initiative to reduce plastic waste. 政府正在发起一项减少塑料废物的新倡议。 to be responsible for someone who is trying to become a member of a particular group, organization, etc.为（某人）作保，担保 She sponsored him for membership in the club. 她为他担保加入俱乐部。  sponsor【n.】 The football team is looking for a new sponsor. 这支足球队正在寻找新的赞助商。 He needed a sponsor to support his application for citizenship. 他需要一名担保人来支持他的公民身份申请。 The senator was the main sponsor of the bill. 这位参议员是该法案的主要提案人。

Implication【n.】 1. something that is suggested or indirectly stated含意;暗指 The implication of her statement was that she didn't believe him. 她的话的言外之意是她不相信他。 He smiled, but the implication was that he didn't agree. 他笑了，但言外之意是他不同意。 2. a possible effect or result of an action or a decision可能的影响(或结果) Climate change has global implications for future generations. 气候变化对后代有全球性的影响。 This decision carries significant implications for our company. 这个决定对我们公司有重大影响。 3. the fact of being involved, or of involving somebody, in something, especially a crime牵涉;牵连(尤指罪行) The investigation revealed his implication in the fraud. 调查显示他涉嫌欺诈。

Deliberate 1. 【v.】to think about or discuss something very carefully, especially before making an important decision仔细考虑，深思熟虑 They are deliberating whether to expand the business. 他们正在仔细考虑是否要扩大业务。 She deliberated on the question before answering. 她在回答之前仔细思考了这个问题。 He deliberated about his future career path. 他对未来的职业道路进行了深思熟虑。 2. 【adj.】done consciously and intentionally故意的，蓄意的 The attack was deliberate and planned. 这次袭击是蓄意且有计划的。 She made a deliberate attempt to ignore him. 她故意试图忽视他。 3. slow and careful in action or decision从容的，谨慎的 She spoke in a slow, deliberate way. 她讲话缓慢而谨慎。 Moving abroad was a deliberate choice to start a new life. 移居国外是为了开始新生活的慎重选择。

Delinquent 1. failing to fulfill a duty or obligation未履行义务或职责的 The company was delinquent in paying its taxes. 该公司拖欠税款。 He was delinquent in his child support payments. 他拖欠了子女抚养费。 2. overdue in payment逾期未付的 The delinquent account was sent to collections. 逾期未付的账户被送到了催收部门。 She received a notice about her delinquent credit card bill. 她收到了关于信用卡账单逾期的通知。 3. showing a tendency to commit crimes, particularly minor ones有犯罪倾向的，尤指轻微犯罪 The delinquent teenager was caught shoplifting. 那个有犯罪倾向的青少年被抓到在商店行窃。 4. 【n.】juvenile delinquent a young person who regularly does illegal or immoral things少年犯；不良青少年 The city has implemented new programs to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents. 该市实施了新项目来改造少年犯。 He was labeled a juvenile delinquent after multiple arrests. 多次被捕后，他被贴上了少年犯的标签。 5. 【n.】tax delinquent a person who fails to pay taxes拖欠税款者 The government published a list of tax delinquents in the newspaper. 政府在报纸上公布了拖欠税款者的名单。 delinquency【n.】 1. juvenile delinquency minor crime, especially that committed by young people青少年犯罪 The government is implementing new programs to combat juvenile delinquency. 政府正在实施新项目来打击青少年犯罪。 2. delinquency of duty neglect of one's responsibilities or obligations玩忽职守 The officer was dismissed for delinquency of duty. 这名官员因玩忽职守被解雇。

Perform【v.】 1. to present (a form of entertainment) to an audience表演，演出（娱乐节目） The band will perform live at the concert tonight. 乐队将在今晚的音乐会上现场表演。 She performed a beautiful piano piece at the recital. 她在独奏会上演奏了一首优美的钢琴曲。 2. to carry out, accomplish, or fulfill (an action, task, or function)执行，完成（行动、任务或功能） The robot can perform complex tasks with precision. 这个机器人能够精确地执行复杂任务。 *做手术 The surgeon performed the operation successfully. 外科医生成功完成了手术。 *履行职责 He performed his duties with great diligence. 他非常勤奋地履行了自己的职责。 3. to function or work in a particular way表现，运作 The new software performs much faster than the old version. 新软件比旧版本运行快得多。 The car performs well in extreme weather conditions. 这辆车在极端天气条件下表现良好。

Tender【adj.】 1. easy to cut or chew; not tough嫩的，柔软的 The steak was tender and juicy. 这块牛排又嫩又多汁。 Cook the meat until it is tender. 把肉煮到变嫩为止。 2. showing gentleness, kindness, and affection温柔的，体贴的 She gave him a tender smile. 她给了他一个温柔的微笑。 He spoke in a tender voice. 他用温柔的声音说话。 3. sensitive to pain or touch; sore疼痛的，一触即痛的 My bruise is still tender. 我的淤青还在疼。 The area around the wound is very tender. 伤口周围的区域非常疼痛。 4. young and vulnerable年幼的，脆弱的 She was still of tender age when her parents died. 她父母去世时，她还年幼。 Tender【v.】 1. to offer or present something formally正式提出，提供 He tendered his resignation to the board. 他向董事会提交了辞呈。 The company tendered a bid for the construction project. 该公司为这个建设项目提交了投标书。 Tender【n.】 a formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price投标 The company submitted a tender for the construction project. 该公司提交了该建设项目的投标书。

Superior 1. 【adj.】higher in rank, status, or quality（在级别、地位或质量上）更高的，更好的 She was chosen for the job because of her superior qualifications. 她因为资历更高而被选中担任这份工作。 This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这款型号在技术上优于其竞争对手。 2. 【n.】a person of higher rank, status, or position上级，上司 She was always respectful to her superiors. 她总是对她的上级很尊重。 He reported the incident to his superior immediately. 他立即将事件报告给了他的上司。 3. 【adj.】showing that you think you are better than other people高傲的，傲慢的 Her superior attitude made her unpopular with her colleagues. 她傲慢的态度让她在同事中不受欢迎。 inferior【adj.】 质量能力： The inferior quality of the materials led to the product's failure. 材料的低质量导致了产品的失败。 地位： The manager never listens to the opinions of his inferiors. 这位经理从不听取下属的意见。 心态 He felt inferior to his more successful colleagues. 他觉得自己不如那些更成功的同事。

Odour (odor)【n.】 1. a smell, especially one that is unpleasant气味，臭味 The odor of rotten eggs filled the kitchen. 腐烂的鸡蛋气味充斥着厨房。 He detected a strange odor coming from the basement. 他察觉到地下室传来一股奇怪的气味。 2. a reputation or influence名声，影响 The scandal left an odor of corruption in the company. 丑闻给公司留下了腐败的名声。 3. odor vs. scent vs. fragrance vs. smell The scent of roses filled the air. 空气中弥漫着玫瑰的香味。 She loves the fragrance of fresh coffee in the morning. 她喜欢早晨新鲜咖啡的香味。 There was a sweet smell in the air. 空气中有一股甜味。 There was a strong smell of garbage in the alley. 巷子里有强烈的垃圾臭味。