bare【adj.】 1. (of person) not covered by any clothing; (of things) not covered by leaves, grass, trees, etc. 赤裸的，裸露的; 光秃秃的，没有覆盖物的 He was bare from the waist up. 他上半身赤裸。 He walked barefoot on the bare ground. 他赤脚走在裸露的地面上。 The trees were bare in winter. 冬天树木光秃秃的。 2. empty or almost empty空的，几乎空的 The cupboard was bare. 橱柜里空无一物。 The room was bare except for a single chair. 房间里除了一把椅子外空荡荡的。 3. only just sufficient; the most basic or simple仅够的，最基本的，最简单的 They had only the bare necessities of life. 他们只有最基本的生活必需品。 He gave me the bare facts. 他给了我最基本的事实。 l Bare minimum最低限度的 We had only the bare minimum of equipment. 我们只有最基本的设备。 bare【v.】 1. to uncover or reveal something that was previously hidden or covered揭开，暴露（之前被隐藏或覆盖的东西） The dog bared its teeth in a threatening manner. 那条狗威胁性地露出了牙齿。 She bared her soul to the therapist. 她向治疗师袒露了自己的灵魂。 He bared the wires before connecting them. 他在连接电线前剥去了绝缘层。

Erode【v.】 1. to gradually destroy the surface of something through the action of wind, rain, etc.侵蚀，腐蚀（地表等） The cliffs are being eroded by the sea. 悬崖正被海水侵蚀。 Acid rain has eroded the marble facade of the building. 酸雨侵蚀了建筑物的大理石立面。 2. to gradually reduce something such as someone's power or confidence逐渐削弱（权力、信心等） The scandal has eroded public trust in the government. 丑闻削弱了公众对政府的信任。 Inflation has eroded the value of their savings. 通货膨胀削弱了他们储蓄的价值。 His confidence was eroded by constant criticism. 不断的批评削弱了他的信心。 l erode away to gradually disappear or be destroyed逐渐消失；被破坏 The coastline is eroding away due to rising sea levels. 由于海平面上升，海岸线正在逐渐消失。 Over time, the old traditions have eroded away. 随着时间的推移，旧的传统已经逐渐消失。

Dispute【v.】 1. to argue or debate about something, often angrily or with strong disagreement争论，辩论 They disputed the ownership of the land for years. 他们多年来一直在争论这块土地的所有权。 The politicians disputed the best way to solve the crisis. 政客们就解决危机的最佳方式进行了辩论。 2. to question the truth or validity of something; to challenge质疑，对...提出异议 No one disputed the accuracy of the report. 没有人质疑报告的准确性。 The lawyer disputed the witness's testimony. 律师对证人的证词提出了异议。 3. to fight or compete for something, such as a title or territory争夺，竞争 The two teams are disputing over the championship title. 两支队伍正在争夺冠军头衔。 The neighboring countries have been disputing the border for decades. 邻国几十年来一直在争夺边境地区。 dispute【n.】 l in / under dispute being argued about or not settled在争论中；未解决 The matter remains in dispute between the two companies. 这个问题在两公司之间仍有争议。 The terms of the contract are under dispute. 合同的条款正在讨论中。 l beyond dispute certain or certainly true; not open to question无可争议；不容置疑 Her talent is beyond dispute. 她的才华无可争议。 l settle / resolve a dispute to resolve a disagreement or argument解决争端 The court helped to settle the dispute between the neighbors. 法院帮助解决了邻居之间的争端。 The two parties resolved the dispute amicably. 双方友好地解决了争议。

Strike【v.】 1. to hit somebody/something hard or with force击打，撞击 The stone struck him on the forehead. 石头击中了他的额头。 The car struck the tree. 汽车撞到了树上。 (n.) The boxer delivered a powerful strike to his opponent's jaw. 拳击手给了对手下巴一记重击。 2. to make a sudden attack on a place突然袭击某地 The rebels struck the capital. 叛军袭击了首都。 (n.) The air strike destroyed several enemy bases. 空袭击毁了几个敌方基地。 3. to stop work in order to protest about something罢工 The workers are striking for better pay. 工人们正在为争取更高的工资而罢工。 (n.) The workers went on strike for better wages. 工人们为提高工资举行了罢工。 1. to reach an agreement or a deal达成协议或交易 The two sides struck a deal. 双方达成了协议。 5-1. to cause somebody to feel a strong emotion使某人产生强烈情感 Her words struck fear into his heart. 她的话使他心中充满恐惧。 5-2. to come suddenly into somebody's mind突然想到，突然意识到 An awful thought has just struck me. 我突然想到一个可怕的念头。 5-3. to give somebody a particular impression给某人以某种印象 How does the idea strike you? 你觉得这个主意怎么样？

Tune【n.】 1. a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music曲调，曲子 He played a familiar tune on the piano. 他在钢琴上弹奏了一首熟悉的曲子。 * in tune in the correct musical pitch or intonation音调准确 The guitar is perfectly in tune. 吉他的音调非常准。 * out of tune not in the correct musical pitch or intonation音调不准 She sang out of tune during the performance. 她在表演中唱走调了。 2. the state of being in agreement or harmony一致，和谐 The team is in tune with the coach's strategy. 球队与教练的战略保持一致。 Her ideas are in tune with modern trends. 她的想法与现代潮流一致。 3. the quality of being in a good state or condition良好的状态或状况 The engine is running in perfect tune. 发动机运行状态极佳。 tune【v.】 1. adjust (a musical instrument) to the correct or uniform pitch为(乐器)调音 He tuned the guitar before the concert. 他在音乐会前给吉他调了音。 She tunes her violin every morning. 她每天早上都给小提琴调音。 2. adjust (a receiver circuit such as a radio or television) to the frequency of the required signal调谐, 调(收音机、电视机等)的频率 He tuned the radio to his favorite station. 他把收音机调到他最喜欢的电台。 * tune in adjust a receiver to receive a particular program or station调谐到某个节目或电台 Don't forget to tune in to our special broadcast tonight. 别忘了今晚收听我们的特别广播节目。 Millions of viewers tuned in to watch the championship game. 数百万观众收看了冠军赛。 l Stay tuned We'll be back right after the break. Stay tuned! 休息一下马上回来，别换台！ I'm planning something fun for Tim's birthday. Stay tuned for the exact time and place! 我在给蒂姆计划生日惊喜，具体时间和地点敬请期待！ 3. adjust or adapt (something) to a particular purpose or situation调整, 使适应 The engine was tuned for maximum performance. 引擎被调整以获得最佳性能。 The course is tuned to the needs of beginners. 这门课程是针对初学者的需求而设计的。 l Fine-tune to make small adjustments to improve the performance or efficiency of something微调 We need to fine-tune the engine to improve fuel efficiency. 我们需要对引擎进行微调以提高燃油效率。 The policy needs to be fine-tuned to better suit the needs of the community. 这项政策需要进行微调，以更好地满足社区的需求。

Counterpart【n.】 a person or thing that has the same position or function as another in a different place or situation职位或作用相当的人;对应的事物 The Foreign Minister met his Chinese counterpart in Beijing last week. 外交部长上周在北京会见了中国外长。 The Prime Minister will meet his European counterparts to discuss the issue. 首相将会见欧洲各国领导人讨论这一问题。 The two cars are exact counterparts in design and performance. 这两辆汽车在设计和性能上完全对应。 Online learning has no exact counterpart in traditional education. 线上学习在传统教育中没有完全对应的形式。 Please sign both the original and the counterpart of the contract. 请在合同正本和副本上签字。

Legacy【n.】 1. money or property that is given to you by someone when they die遗产 She left a legacy of $10,000 to her nephew. 她给侄子留下了1万美元的遗产。 The artist's legacy was divided among his children. 这位艺术家的遗产在他的子女之间进行了分配。 2. a situation that exists now because of events, actions, etc. that took place in the past（过去留下的）遗产，遗存 The city's architectural legacy includes many beautiful old buildings. 这座城市建筑遗产包括许多漂亮的老建筑。 The scientist left a lasting legacy with his groundbreaking discoveries. 这位科学家以他开创性的发现留下了持久的遗产。 3. something that is a result of events in the past遗留问题；后遗症 The war left a legacy of bitterness and hatred. 这场战争留下了痛苦和仇恨的后遗症。 The legacy of colonialism is still felt in many countries. 殖民主义的遗留问题在许多国家仍然存在。

Gadget【n.】 1. a small tool or device that has a particular function, often one that is new or complicated小器具，小装置（通常指新颖或复杂的） This handy gadget can help you open bottles easily. 这个方便的小工具可以帮助你轻松开瓶。 She collects various kitchen gadgets to make cooking easier. 她收集各种厨房小工具，使烹饪更方便。 The new gadget can track your fitness activities. 这个新装置可以追踪你的健身活动。

Transcript【n.】 1. a written or printed version of material originally presented in another medium抄本，文字记录 The journalist asked for a transcript of the interview. 记者要求采访的文字记录。 She reviewed the transcript of the meeting before publishing the minutes. 她在发布会议纪要之前审查了会议的文字记录。 2. an official record of a student's work, showing courses taken and grades achieved成绩单 You need to submit your academic transcript with your college application. 你需要随大学申请提交你的成绩单。 The university requires an official transcript sent directly from your previous school. 大学要求由你之前的学校直接寄送正式成绩单。 transcribe【v.】 1. to make a written or typed copy of spoken material抄写，誊写(口语材料) She transcribed the interview from the recording. 她根据录音誊写了采访内容。 The secretary transcribed the boss's dictation quickly. 秘书迅速誊写了老板的口述。

Reserve【v.】 1. to arrange for something to be kept for a particular person or purpose保留；预留 I'd like to reserve a table for two at 7 o'clock. 我想预订七点钟的两人桌。 The seats are reserved for elderly passengers. 这些座位是留给老年乘客的。 He reserves his energy for the final sprint. 他保留体力用于最后的冲刺。 The park reserves its natural beauty for future generations. 公园保留了其自然美景以供后代欣赏。 The government has reserved funds for education. 政府已经拨出资金用于教育。 reserve【n.】 1. a supply of something that is available for use if it is needed储备物；储备量 The country has large oil reserves. 这个国家有大量的石油储备。 2. an area of land where animals and plants are protected自然保护区 The nature reserve is home to many endangered species. 这个自然保护区是许多濒危物种的家园。 3. the quality of not showing your feelings or thoughts矜持；寡言；拘谨 She spoke with reserve, careful not to reveal too much. 她说话很矜持，小心不透露太多。

Silt【n.】 1. fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbor.淤泥，泥沙（尤指在河道或港口沉积的细沙、黏土等物质） The river delta is rich in silt deposited over centuries. 河流三角洲富含几个世纪以来沉积的淤泥。 Dredging is necessary to remove the silt from the harbor. 必须进行疏浚以清除港口的淤泥。 silt【v.】 1. to become filled or blocked with silt被淤泥堵塞 The harbor silted up and had to be dredged. 港口被淤泥堵塞，不得不进行疏浚。 2. to fill or block something with silt用淤泥填塞或堵塞某物 The river silted the channel up, making it impassable for boats. 河流淤塞了航道，使船只无法通行。 Heavy rains silted up the drainage system. 大雨堵塞了排水系统。

unique【adj.】 1. being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else唯一的；独一无二的 Each person's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。 This painting is unique; there are no others like it. 这幅画是独一无二的；没有其他类似的。 2. used to emphasize that someone or something is the only one of their kind唯一的，仅有的 He is the unique survivor of the accident. 他是那次事故的唯一幸存者。 3. very special or unusual独特的；罕见的 The festival offers a unique opportunity to experience local culture. 这个节日提供了一个体验当地文化的独特机会。 4. belonging to or connected with one particular person, place, or thing特有的；专有的 The custom is unique to this region. 这种习俗是这个地区特有的。

cosset【n.】 1. a person who is treated with excessive indulgence; a pampered person被宠爱的人；娇生惯养的人 She was the cosset of the family, always getting whatever she wanted. 她是家里的宠儿，总是能得到她想要的一切。 As the youngest child, he grew up as a cosset, never having to do any chores. 作为最小的孩子，他在娇生惯养中长大，从来不需要做任何家务。 cosset【v.】 1. to treat someone with too much care and attention, often in a way that prevents them from becoming independent溺爱，娇惯 She cossets her children so much that they don't know how to do anything for themselves. 她太溺爱她的孩子了，以至于他们什么都不会自己做。 He was cosseted by his parents and never had to face any hardships. 他被父母娇生惯养，从未经历过任何困难。 2. to keep something in a very comfortable or protected state宠爱，精心照料 The wealthy businessman cosseted his rare collection of vintage cars. 这位富商精心照料他收藏的稀有古董车。

induce【v.】 1. to cause something to happen or exist引起，导致 The drug can induce sleep. 这种药物能引起睡意。 The loud noise induced a headache. 巨大的噪音引起了头痛。 2. to persuade someone to do something劝说，诱使 Nothing would induce me to take the job. 没有什么能诱使我接受这份工作。 They induced her to sign the contract. 他们劝说她签了合同。 3. to cause a woman to start giving birth to her baby by using drugs or other medical methods人工引产 The doctor decided to induce labor. 医生决定进行人工引产。 4. to cause a logical conclusion based on observed facts归纳出，推导出 From the evidence, we can induce that he was guilty. 从证据中，我们可以推导出他有罪。

muddle【v.】 1. to bring into a disordered or confusing state使混乱；弄乱 He muddled the papers on his desk. 他把桌上的文件弄得乱七八糟。 Don't muddle the clean clothes with the dirty ones. 不要把干净的衣服和脏衣服混在一起。 2. to confuse someone or make someone unable to think clearly使困惑；使糊涂 The sudden question muddled him completely. 这个突然的问题让他完全糊涂了。 Her explanation only muddled me further. 她的解释反而让我更加困惑。 3. to manage to do something although you are not organized or do not know how to do it胡乱应付；勉强完成 He muddled through his presentation somehow. 他勉强完成了他的演讲。 We'll just have to muddle through the best we can. 我们只能尽力应付过去。 muddle【n.】 1. a state of confusion or disorder混乱，杂乱 The documents were in a complete muddle. 文件乱成一团。 Her thoughts were in a muddle after the accident. 事故后，她的思绪一片混乱。