传播学： 效果研究 1.早期强效果理论 子弹论bullet theory 魔弹论magic bullet theory 皮下注射理论hypodermic needle theory 2.有限效果论 (1) 有限效果模式 limited effects model 《人民的选择》伊里调查 两级传播理论two-step flow theory 舆论/意见领袖opinion leader 意见追随者 opinion follower 影响流 flow of influence ·活跃的人群active users ·不活跃的人群 lesser active users 2.有限效果论 (2) 创新普及 信息流information flow 时滞 time lag 时间跨度 time span (3) 说服性传播效果 ·卡尔·霍夫兰: Carl Hovland 信源可信性 the source credibility 一面提示 one-sided arguments/messages 两面提示 two-sided arguments/messages 休眠效果眠效应sleeper effect ·恐惧诉求(策略) fear appeal (tactics) / feararousal theory 3.适度效果论 (1)适度效果模式 moderate effects model ·使用与满足理论 uses and gratification approach ·创新与扩散研究innovation and diffusion rescarch 3.适度效果论 (2) 强大效果模式 powerful effects model ·议程设置模式the agenda-setting model ·铺垫效果priming effect ·第三人效果 third person effect ·知识沟假说 knowledge-gap hypothesis 数字鸿沟 digital divide / digital gap ·技术鸿沟 technology gap ·信息鸿沟 information divide/gap; ·沉默的螺旋模式spiral of silence model ·中坚分子the hard core ·涵化理论/培养分析cultivation analysis ·电视暴力研究televised violence

传播学流派 1.经验学派empirical school 2.批判学派 critical school (1) 法兰克福学派 Frankfurt School ·文化工业culture industry ·公共领域 public sphere •批判性研究critical research (2) 传播的政治经济学派 ·媒介竞争media competition ·媒介资本 media capital ·媒介资本化 media capitalization ·传播政治经济学 political economy of communication ·文化帝国主义cultural imperialism ·文化霸权cultural hegemony ·意识形态 ideology ·数字劳工 digital labor 传播学流派 (3) 文化研究学派 ·文化研究学派the School of Culture Studies 文化研究c ultural studies ·文化期待 culture expectations ·文化批判 culture criticizing ●编码 encode ●解码 decode ·咬合理论theory of articulation 3、媒介环境学派 ·媒介环境学派the School of Media Ecology ·媒介即讯息 The medium is the message. ·媒介是身体的延伸The media are extensions of ourbodies ·电子空间 cyber space ·电子乌托邦teletopia 传播学流派 4、其他思想源流 (1) 芝加哥学派 ·芝加哥学派 Chicago School (The Chicago Schoolas a paradigm believed that media and communications play a central role in shaping individual, as well as collective lives.) (2) 西方马克思主义理论相关 ·皮埃尔·布尔迪厄Pierre Bourdieu •新闻场域the journalistic field ·场域理论 field theory (The concept of “symboliccapital” is the fourth general type of capital dealt with by Pierre Bourdieu’ s sociological theory, together with cultural, economic, and social capital.) ·符号资本 symbolic capital ·《景观社会》 The Society of the Spectacle (By 居伊·德波Guy Debord) ●交往异化Alienation of Communication

舆论学 舆论 public opinion 舆论监督 supervision by public opinion “看门狗” watchdog 舆论引导 public opinion guidance 舆论引导机制 public opinion guidance mechanism 去中心化 decentralization 再中心化 re-centralization 两个舆论场 two fields of public opinion 舆论反转 public opinion reversal 新闻发布会press conference 主流媒体 mainstream media 意见领袖 opinion leader 意见追随者 opinion follower 新闻公告; 新闻简报press release 新闻自由freedom of the Press 言论自由 freedom of expression

新闻学 计算机生成内容computer-generated content (CGC) 迭代新闻 iterative Journalism 新新闻主义 new journalism 建设性新闻 constructive journalism 解困新闻 solution-based journalism 新闻价值 news value (adj. newsworthy) 新闻敏感nose for news /news sensitivity 新闻真实news truth 新闻真实观journalism truth view 新闻真实性 news truthfulness 事实真实 factual truth 事实核查 fact check 新闻专业主义journalistic professionalism 后真相 post-truth 客观性objectivity 可读性readability 新闻纸 news sheets 便士报, 廉价报纸 penny press 主流报纸 mainstream papers 揭露丑闻的人muckrakers ·扒粪运动muckraking

新闻学 硬新闻 hard news 软新闻 soft news 用户新闻 user journalism 以用户为中心的 user-centered 公民新闻 civic journalism 公共新闻 public journalism 沉浸式新闻 immersive journalism 交互式新闻 interactive journalism 解释性新闻 interpretive journalism 解释性报道 interpretative reports 众包新闻 crowdsourcing Journalism 众筹新闻 crowdfunding journalism 算法新闻 algorithmic journalism 个性化推荐 personalized recommendation 用户偏好 users’ preferences 传感器新闻 sensor journalism 机器人新闻 robot journalism 自动化新闻 automated journalism