Jacob Passy, Host: Most people picture retiring at age 65, but the reality for some Americans is that their retirement years start a lot earlier. And an early retirement comes with pretty significant consequences. Wall Street Journal reporter Anne Turgason joins me to talk about it. Anne, how common is it for workers to retire early? Anne Tergesen: It turns out it's pretty common. There's this annual survey that's been done for over three decades. And in almost every installment of that survey, people say they had wanted to retire at 65, but that the actual median age at which people do retire is more like 62. Jacob: I know you interviewed some people who had early retirements. Were there certain factors that led the people you interviewed to pursue that? Anne: So my colleague and I have been writing a series about what retirement looks like in America. And each one of these, we interview four people, or sometimes it's for couples, about what retirement looks like to them. And usually there's some kind of theme. In one case, we did, what does retirement in America look like when you have a million dollars in savings or two million in savings? For this one, we wanted to look at what does retirement look like if you retire at age 55 or younger? On the theory that a lot of people dream that early retirement is their goal. And on the flip side of that sort of dream or aspirational side of early retirement, there's a lot of people who write to me a lot because I cover retirement that they were forced into early retirement. So that's a less kind of happy, optimistic picture of retirement. So we got a bit of a reality check from these people in both positive and negative ways. For one person, it really was burnout. Well, it was actually a combination of factors. One was ageism. There was a management change, and he felt like he was increasingly being pushed to the side of important decision-making. He also just rapidly got burnt out. Another guy I spoke to just said he loved his job and absolutely felt the top of his game, but he also just felt like the stresses were growing, that he was either having to lay people off or he had all this pressure to bring in revenue. So it was just the parts of the job that he loved were getting overshadowed by the parts he didn't love. So in both of these cases, these guys left, but other people also, they leave because maybe what made them fall in love with their career, it's getting a little old and they want to try something new. Maybe there's some burning passion that people have to segue into something else. Jacob: Did these folks have working spouses or other sources of financial support besides their savings? Anne: Two out of four of them did have working spouses that they could rely on. In one case, that working spouse was about to retire as well. So it was a very temporary situation. But I think that's very common, especially among people who retire early, is that the spouses aren't always on the same timetable. And three out of four of them actually did have pensions. So while these people were generally too young to qualify to take any Social Security yet. Some of them were receiving some form of pension. One of them, it was a fairly small, modest pension. Jacob: So in general, what did their savings look like before they retired? Anne: The two people I spoke to in depth, they both consulted with a financial advisor because they both were sort of do-it-yourself investors. They'd been fairly diligent savers. Before making such a big decision, they wanted to make sure that they were in good shape. And that made them feel more confident. Both of them had saved significant sums in 401ks and IRAs. One of them had an HSA, which is a health savings account as well. They both had saved well over a million dollars by the time they decided to retire. Jacob: And were there financial drawbacks to entering retirement at a younger age that they identified? Anne: These are things that financial advisors will tell you, and the people we interviewed would not dispute any of this. So first of all, if you're taking money from your savings from your 401k or IRA or any form of savings, you're increasing the number of years that your nest egg has to support you. You know, this is the reason why people often get part-time jobs, because they want to reduce the strain on their savings. There's also health insurance, which is huge. Once you're 65, you can go on Medicare, but before that, you can't. So for each of them, they had to solve this problem. And for those with working spouses who have insurance, the problem was very easily solved where they went on their spouse's insurance. 🎨 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Hello dear friends, welcome to Radio Headspace and to Thursday. It's Eve here. I was listening to the news the other day and one of the breaking stories was of a potential asteroid that could hit the Earth in 2032. I was like, okay, time to take a break from the news. I will add that the likelihood of this happening is very, very low. But the headlines made it sound like we needed to send Bruce Willis and Ben Affleck up to the asteroid to blow it out of the sky, Armageddon style. Also, 2032, can we just stay in 2025, please? I really did not need to hear that, and it certainly was not helping my anxious little mind. All of this week, we've been exploring different ways to calm an anxious mind. And let's be honest, there is a lot going on in the world right now that is causing a ton of uncertainty, and in a lot of cases, driving a lot of fear. So if you're feeling it all, I promise you I'm right there with you. It's a lot. So I'm trying to be mindful of how much news I consume at the moment. It's really important we stay informed, but taking in too much can also increase our anxiety levels. And I touched on this in yesterday's episode, but our thoughts can be very seductive, and they can completely hijack the mind, making us believe that what we think is true. I'll give you some examples, and I'm sure you have lots as well. Perhaps you get a vague email from your boss saying, can we chat later? And suddenly, your brain spirals into, why? Why do they want to speak to me? What does it mean? Am I in trouble? I must have done something wrong. Or maybe you're waiting for a text back from a friend, and after a while, your mind jumps to, they must be mad at me. Why have they not responded? Did I say something wrong? So the other day, I had texted a friend, and she didn't respond for hours. I was feeling like I'd let her down a bit because I wasn't able to go to her birthday party. And my mind immediately jumped to, OK, she is mad with me. She probably doesn't value our friendship anymore. And she's really annoyed with me. She's one of my closest friends. But in life, we can't always do everything, which meant I just wasn't able to be there. I went from waiting for a text to my mind exploding into a spiral of anxious thoughts. My thoughts had completely hijacked my mind. And I was starting to believe that they were true. However, later that day, she texted me back, totally normal, saying she'd been swamped with(忙于) work and when could we meet up because she missed me. No drama, no hidden meaning, she just had a busy day. And it was such a good reminder that not every thought is a fact. I've shared this technique before, many times in fact, but it's really, really powerful at helping to create some space between ourselves and our thoughts. And it's the noting technique. So say you notice that an anxious thought is popping up in the mind. Instead of getting lost in it, see if you can note it and let it go. It sounds really simple, but it does take a bit of practice. So I'll go over some examples now. So say your mind is going into what ifs. Note it as worrying. You can even say, this is worry, and then gently let it go and come back to what you were doing. If you find that your say, replaying something embarrassing from the past. See if you can note it as remembering. You could even say, this is just a memory. Or if you're planning out every possible way a conversation could go, you can note it as planning. I remember when I first tried this technique, it did feel a little strange at first, almost a bit awkward. But the more I stuck with it, the more I was able to create enough space to see them clearly for what they are. Thoughts, not facts. Although, yes, I still need reminding of this. So let's briefly try this together now. Take a slow breath in. And then gently exhale. Notice what's on your mind right now. Is there a particular thought that's been looping for you today? If so, gently note it. Maybe it's worrying or planning. Whatever it is, see if you can note it. And it doesn't just have to be an anxious thought. Now see if you can gently let that thought go. Imagine it floating away like a cloud floats across the sky. When we do this, we're intentionally creating some space in the mind, and then our thoughts lose some of their power. 🪴更多英语听力和文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

D: Time to go again to the A Moment of Science mailbag. A listener writes: Dear A Moment of Science, I've been hearing a lot about positive psychology‑‑the study of happiness and how to achieve it. Is there any consensus among scientists on the best ways to be happy? Y: Well, no, not exactly. There's no one, sure‑fire key to happiness. Happiness comes in many forms and shades of gray. But psychologists have discovered some basic parameters to help us understand happiness and how to have more of it. D: For example, it's well known that extroverts tend to be happier than introverts. In other words, people who are outgoing and energetic are generally happier than people who are neurotic and self-absorbed. Y: Which seems to make sense. But what's really interesting, according to one study, is how and why extroverts are happier than introverts. It has to do with what psychologists call "time perspective," that is, how people perceive the past, present, and future. The important finding is that happy people tend to see the past in positive terms, while people who are less happy are more likely to view the past regretfully and fret about past decisions. D: So the idea is that putting a positive spin on the past is one key to happiness. Not everyone is naturally inclined to see the past through rose-colored glasses. But the good news is that you can train yourself to frame the past in a positive light, or at least try. Doing so may help you be happier in the present, and be more optimistic about the future. 👨‍🔬 更多英语听力和文本见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST: There is a lone survivor after one of the worst aviation accidents in the history of India. An Air India flight bound for London crashed into a medical college shortly after departure on Thursday. At least 249 people were killed. But let's focus on the one who was not. NPR's Diaa Hadid is in Mumbai. Hi, Diaa. Diaa Hadid: Hi there, Steve. INSKEEP: This is incredible. You would presume, that's the way I think about it, if this plane goes down, everyone will die with it. that's a reasonable assumption, but in this case there was one survivor. What was his story? Hadid: It seems almost miraculous, as you say. He was the passenger in seat 11A, and he somehow managed to escape out of the emergency exit after the plane hit the medical college and burst into flames. And that happened just moments after it had taken off from the airport in the northwestern city of Ahmedabad. There was video circulating after the crash where this fellow who was visibly wounded, dazed and confused, clutching his mobile phone, just walks out of the crash site. Now, we know who he is now, his 40-year-old British citizen Vishwakumar Ramesh, and he's in hospital now receiving psychiatric care. As for everybody else, authorities are undertaking DNA tests on relatives to identify the bodies. This was an enormous blast. INSKEEP: And I would imagine that the casualties were not only on the plane, given that it struck buildings. Hadid: That's right. In an unfortunate coincidence. At that medical college, there were students who gathered for lunch. And so seven people were killed there, including five medical students. It also killed a 15-year-old who delivered lunch to his mom, who was running a roadside tea stall nearby. INSKEEP: So what else is known about people who were on the plane other than the sole survivor? Hadid: Well, I think what it tells us is a little bit about Ahmedabad, the city that this crash happened and the state, Gujarat, there are so many people here who live abroad. It has a huge expatriate population. And you can see that in the stories of the victims. One man on the plane was with his wife and a little girl. They were returning home to England after visiting his parents. Another man was returning home after his father's funeral. It also included an Indian company director who was on the flight with his wife to visit his sister in London. And we caught up with his colleagues, Samira Desai. It's a tragedy in how fragile life can be. There's no assurity about the next moment, what's going to happen. INSKEEP: In this case, you have a plane that takes off. There's video. It seems normal. Then it starts losing altitude. Then it hits the ground with an explosion. Any idea why? Hadid: No, but right now there are Indian investigators on the case and British and American investigators are assisting. but we spoke to one safety expert, Amit Singh, who says even if there were issues with the airport or crew, there's a tendency to hide those problems. He says regulators and operators aren't working well together. There's a lack of trust, so none of the parties trust each other. And with a situation like that, it's hard to know what these people will discover and even what lessons will be learned. And I should note, Indian regulators have not responded to those allegations about problems in the relationship between them and the airline industry itself. INSKEEP: Okay. Dia, thanks very much for the update. Unbelievable story. Really appreciate it. Hadid: You're welcome, Steve. INSKEEP: And NPR's Diaa Hadid is in Mumbai. 📻 更多听力及文本见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Josh Inshana (host) Hey, from CNN, I'm Josh Inshana with the five things you need to know for Wednesday, June 11th. After President Donald Trump confirmed a key trade framework with China was, quote, done in a Truth Social post today, attention now turns to a host of other countries. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick told CNBC today that the White House negotiating team is in, quote, good shape on trade agreements with a number of countries, and we should expect to deals coming in, quote, next week and the week after and the week after. Meanwhile, Treasury Secretary Scott Besson testified today that the huge tariffs that went into effect on April 9th will, quote, highly likely be delayed again for certain countries. These so-called Liberation Day tariffs were paused for 90 days on April 9th. The Los Angeles Police Department arrested over 200 people for failing to disperse after the curfew in downtown LA last night. That's from a post on by the LAPD, which also says which also said the majority of protesters did leave the area. The LAPD has also said the curfew, which ran from 8pm to 6am PT and only covers about one square mile, will remain in effect tonight. LA Mayor Karen Bass questioned again today the need for federal troops in her city. When you start deploying federalized troops on the heels of these raids, it is a drastic and chaotic escalation and completely unnecessary. Meanwhile, the Trump administration has urged a federal judge to reject California's bid for an emergency court order, which would limit how federal officials can use Marines and National Guard troops in L.A. Lawyers for the administration wrote in court filings today that these troops would only protect federal buildings and not assist in immigration enforcement. A federal court in San Francisco is set to hold a high-stakes hearing tomorrow afternoon regarding California's request. Elon Musk and President Trump's fractured may be mending. Two sources told CNN, Musk spoke to Trump very briefly on Monday night, and today Musk posted on X, quote, I regret some of my posts about President Trump last week. They went too far. The call follows a separate conversation between Musk and J.D. Vance and White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles last Friday, soon after the feud kicked off. Here's CNN's Elena Treen. Vance, someone who's very close with Elon Musk personally as well, he also asked President Donald Trump last week how he should be addressing the Musk feud personally. The president, I'm told, told him to be diplomatic about it. And that's really how we're seeing the president and what he's been telling advisers behind closed door trying to handle this as well, be more diplomatic and not as, you know, harsh in his rhetoric toward Musk. CNN has reached out to a spokesperson for Musk. Disgraced movie mogul Harvey Weinstein has been convicted of one of the top charges in his sex crimes retrial, but he was acquitted of another. acquitted of another. CNN's Jean Casares explains how the jury delivered a mixed verdict on the three charges. In regard to accuser Mimi Haley, who alleged criminal sexual act in the first degree, the jury has found beyond a reasonable doubt that Harvey Weinstein is guilty. And that is a felony that is up to 25 years in prison. Now, the second accuser, Kaja Sokola, also first degree criminal sexual act in the first degree very serious felony, the jury found not guilty. They do not believe beyond a reasonable doubt that he engaged in a sexual act without her consent. Now, unique to New York, the jury, we understand, is still deliberating because they do not have a resolution for Jessica Mann, which is third degree rape. Weinstein denies sexually assaulting or raping anyone. Coming up, we'll tell you how the Nintendo Switch 2 has changed the world. Bernard Hickey here. As a financial journalist, I know the numbers don't lie. And with listeners in over 75 countries, my daily markets podcast, 5 in 5 with ANZ, has become the place to get insights relevant to the Asia-Pacific. Thanks to experts like Sharon Zolmer, ANZ New Zealand's chief economist. New Zealand is often the first market to react to global news if it's happened over the weekend, for example. So it's really important to understand how that could impact your business. So click the link in the description and start your day with 5 and 5 with ANZ. Nintendo has announced it's sold more than 3.5 million Switch 2 consoles, making it a record-breaking games console launch. The Japanese company said it's the, quote, highest global sales level for any of its devices within the first four days of release. And it perhaps puts the video game company in good shape to meet its goal of selling 15 million Switch 2 devices by the end of next March. The original Switch ended up selling 152 million units since its 2017 release. And that's it from us today. We'll be back tomorrow at 6am Eastern. ★更多文本见公众号【琐简英语】，贵妇1可加入【打卡交流群】

SCOTT DETROW, HOST: If you're in multiple text threads with different people in your life - your siblings, your partner, your kid's teacher - it can be hard to stay on top of all of the messages. Who should you respond to first? How do you deal with that group chat that is always blowing up your phone? Life Kit's Malaka Gharib talks with Erica Dhawan, author of the book "Digital Body Language: How To Build Trust And Connection No Matter The Distance." She shares some tips on how to manage your text messages and deal with tricky texting situations. MALAKA GHARIB, BYLINE: My sister, whom I love so very much, texts me a lot of social media videos - a video of a dog driving a car, a recipe for dill pickle pasta salad, even more dog videos. I can't keep up, so a lot of times I don't get back to her. I mean, does she really expect me to watch three videos in a row and respond in real time? ERICA DHAWAN: So first of all, this is her way of showing love. This is her texting love language. When it comes to how you respond to this, a lot of it has to do with remembering what really matters here. GHARIB: In other words, I should see the videos not as an assault on my time, but as tokens of my sister's love and appreciation. I mean, she's seeing things in the world and taking the time to send them to me because she's thinking of me. So I should take care in how to respond, too, and Erica says that might mean finding one time a week to watch all the videos and then sending a thoughtful response. DHAWAN: It could be thinking about it as, you know, the postwork, 5 p.m. quick check in and, you know, one response per day. It could be once a week on Fridays, like, finally catching up after a busy work week. GHARIB: And Erica says, if I don't have a chance to watch the videos, that's perfectly fine. I can simply write back, love these, to acknowledge and appreciate her gesture. OK, what happens if the shoe is on the other foot? It can be frustrating when you're texting someone and they don't text you back right away. In those cases, Erica says to practice empathy. DHAWAN: We have no idea the situation of someone else receiving that. They could be with a screaming toddler. They could be on a toilet. They could be on a Zoom call. They could be in lots of different situations. GHARIB: So cut people slack. They may have things going on in their lives that need more attention. DHAWAN: We need to get over our reaction that everyone needs to respond immediately and kind of get over our own selves with that. GHARIB: But sometimes you do need a timely, urgent response, and Erica has a little trick to get people to text you back. Let's say you're trying to plan a group outing to a concert and it's time to buy the tickets, but your friend hasn't replied yet. DHAWAN: When it comes to a decision text, we have to actually ask a specific question. Like, here are the tickets. I'm going to buy them by tomorrow. Let me know today if you want me to buy you one. Make sure it's clear that a response time is needed. GHARIB: And if they don't respond, maybe it's time to try a different tactic. DHAWAN: So for example, you know, you have a - you have to book something, you know, in the next hour, and you still haven't gotten a response from someone, and it's quite urgent, and, you know, you need to get clarity on something. Don't shy away from when a phone call would be better. GHARIB: I know for a lot of people, talking on the phone is a nightmare. But the fact of the matter is... DHAWAN: When it's complex or sensitive, pick up the phone. A phone call is worth 1,000 text messages. GHARIB: Sometimes an emoji just won't cut it. For NPR's Life Kit, I'm Malaka Gharib. DETROW: For more Life Kit, go to npr.org/lifekit. 📻 更多英语听力及文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Nedra Glover Tawwab | TED • Mar 2023 I'm a therapist whose job it is to help people create healthier relationships. And let me tell you, it can be really hard to tell someone what you need. It takes a lot of courage to stand up and say, "This is the way I want to be treated." Most of us aren't so great at vocalizing to the people in our lives what makes us feel respected and valued. It's true with friends, family, partners, and it's also true at work. You've got to set healthy boundaries. [The Way We Work] Boundaries can be an intimidating term, but they're very simply the expectations and needs that help us feel safe and comfortable in relationships. Work is the relationship we spend the most time in, and yet it's also the place where we have the hardest time setting limits. We're scared that people won't see us as a team player. Our employers have boundaries built in, like the time your workday begins and how many vacation days you can have. But work boundaries need to be a two-way street: boundaries for your employer and boundaries for you. Setting them can help you feel happier and more fulfilled in your roles, not to mention less exhausted and overwhelmed at work. We often assume that other people have the same rules for life as we do. We think they can tell our preferences and know our feelings from our body language. But no one, not the people you've known for years and certainly not your coworkers, can read your mind. You have to explicitly state what you need. Communicating what works for us is one of the kindest things we can do. The short-term discomfort is so worth it for the long-term ease of having healthier boundaries in the workplace. Here are three steps to help you get started. Step one: identify the boundaries you need to set. There are so many different kinds. For example, you can tell a colleague what hours you are and aren't available to work. You can share that you need to leave the office promptly at five to pick up your children or that you log off fully on the weekends to really recharge. You can tell them how you prefer to communicate, that you enjoy talking by phone rather than instant messaging or texting. Especially with your bosses, you can set boundaries around how you like feedback. You can say, "I work best with clear deadlines. Can you please set one?" Or you can tell them you like written notes on your work so you have time to digest the feedback. You can set boundaries on how you interact with people socially. For example, "It makes me feel uncomfortable when you share gossip at my desk." Or "No, I'm not interested in drinks after work, but I'd love to go to a yoga class with you." You can even set boundaries around your calendar and ask that people ask you before throwing a meeting on it as you prefer to be aware of what your day looks like. Step two: think about how and when to make the statement. Boundaries are like classroom rules. You want to set them as early as possible. People do it all the time in the job seeking process. They may say something like, "I have vacation planned for these dates. Will I be able to take my vacation?" If we can go into a new work environment and with people already knowing what we can and can't do, that's a beautiful way to show up. If that feels like too much, orientation can be a great time to set boundaries. When your supervisor tells you the workday ends at six, just flow it in. "That's perfect. I need to leave work at six." One boundary I want you to set right away is to take every single day of paid vacation. You've earned it, you need the rest, and recharging is good for work-life balance. And by the way, it's perfectly acceptable to set boundaries for yourself when you notice something in the workday isn't making you feel good. So if you get a headache when you have five meetings in a day, tell yourself that four will be your maximum. If you get anxious trying to respond to 200 emails on Monday morning, don't do that first thing. Break it up in half-hour increments throughout the day. I have a set of boundaries around my work. For me, I like working in 30-minute chunks. I don't like answering every email as soon as I get it. I like sitting with the information before I respond. You have to set in motion those new habits and practices that will make you feel at ease. And now comes the most important part of the process. Step three: you have to stick to the boundaries you set. If you say you're not available after six, don't respond to the group chat. If you say you're not available on weekends, don't be available on weekends. When you respond to emails or agree to look at that proposal out of those bounds, you're teaching people that the boundary isn't real, that it's OK to violate it. Consistency is really key here. That might mean restating the boundary more than once. That might mean reminding yourself why you set the boundary in the first place. 🗣️字数限制，完整文本及视频见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

SCOTT DETROW, HOST: The California National Guard arrived in Los Angeles early Sunday morning after President Trump federalized state troops. The move came after Friday immigration raids in and around Los Angeles sparked multiple protests against federal agents. Pockets of violence broke out in some of them. The president ordered at least 2,000 California National Guard troops to respond to the demonstrations. California Governor Gavin Newsom called the move unnecessary and, quote, "purposely inflammatory." It is the first time in 60 years a president has used a rare federal power to deploy National Guard troops without the agreement of a state's governor. In a moment, we will hear from Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, but we will start our coverage with NPR's Luke Garrett. Hey, Luke. LUKE GARRETT, BYLINE: Hi, Scott. DETROW: Starting out, what exactly is Trump's order, and is he allowed to do this, to take this step without the state agreeing? GARRETT: In short, yes, he can take control and federalized portions of the California National Guard under a rarely used federal law. But this law does not allow these troops to engage in ordinary law enforcement action, according to Georgetown law professor Stephen Vladeck. This means that the deployed 79th Infantry Brigade of the California National Guard is not authorized to actively face off or use force against protesters. Instead, Trump's action specifically directs these troops to protect and support immigration law enforcement. DETROW: Could that change, though? GARRETT: It could. Yes, it could. A more aggressive option is available to the president, and that's declaring the Insurrection Act, which does allow Trump to unleash military force against U.S. civilians. He reportedly wanted to use this extreme power in 2020 during the protests against the murder of George Floyd. And this afternoon, while speaking to reporters, Trump left open the possibility of invoking the Insurrection Act and sending more troops to other cities. Now, this act has not been invoked since 1992 during the race riots in LA. But to be clear, Trump has not made this move yet in this case. DETROW: In a moment, we're going to hear more about real pushback on the local and state level here. What is the Trump administration saying today to justify this? GARRETT: So the Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem thanked the president for the deployment of the National Guard troops. Here she is on CBS News. KRISTI NOEM: They're there at the direction of the president in order to keep peace and allow people to be able to protest, but also to keep law and order. GARRETT: And Noem justified the deployment by saying local law enforcement failed to quickly protect ICE and DHS officers during immigration raids and the ensuing protests. NOEM: When we ask for backup in a situation, LAPD has waited hours to respond, and they've waited until we have an officer in a dangerous situation until they come in. GARRETT: Now, local law enforcement officials say they have responded and supported federal agents when they called for help. I just got off the phone with LAPD, and they told me that they responded to these calls for help within 55 minutes, not hours. DETROW: NPR's Luke Garrett, thanks so much. 📻 更多听力及文本见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

DARIAN WOODS: This is The Indicator from Planet Money. I'm Darian Woods. Today on the show, financial dysmorphia. We speak to a neuroscientist who has a theory about why a lot of us of all generations can feel like we're in the economic dumps when many of us are actually doing all right. One's teens and 20s can always be an anxious time economically. You haven't built up much savings yet. You're early in your career. You're still getting your footing. But there is a puzzle here that could shed light on economic anxiety in general. Young people in the US today are richer than young people yesterday. The median income for a 25-year-old is somewhere between $42,000 and $50,000 a year. Millennials, Gen Xers, Baby Boomers all earned significantly less at that age. Even accounting for inflation, Baby Boomers earned less than 2/3 of that when they were 25. Young people's wealth is also higher. And yet a significant portion of young people today feel like they don't have enough. There is student debt, high house prices, and inequality, yes, but they don't fully explain this mismatch. Overall, the economic picture is looking pretty benign, if not bright, for young Americans today. Tali Sharot is a neuroscientist at MIT and University College London. She thinks there are some other factors at play. WILDER TROXELL: In order to be happy and satisfied, we need to see ourself progressing. That is true on every level, whether it is intellectually or whether it's financially. WOODS: A sense of progression is important, Tali says, because we easily get used to the status quo. In all domains, like a smoky room. SHAROT: Within 20 minutes, you can't perceive the smell of smoke. You adapt. And what happens in the brain is that the neurons stop responding to smoke or to a sound or to a smell if it's been there for a while. But what's interesting is a similar thing happens to more complex things in our life. So it might be that you have great things in your life, like an interesting job or a comfortable home, but you're less likely to react to it emotionally. It brings you less joy on a day-to-day basis because it's been there all the time. WOODS: This is called habituation, a fundamental concept in psychology. SHAROT: And so coming back to the Gen Z kind of idea is that, well, the fact that they have quite a bit doesn't mean that they don't then feel that they need more. WOODS: The second reason for young people's financial dissatisfaction, Tali says, is comparison. SHAROT: They are the generation where social media is a huge thing that they kind of grew up with, right? Everyone's posting their travels or their whatever. And, you know, half of it is-- is not really an accurate representation of what's true. So now you're comparing yourself, even if you're in a very good state, to what appears to be your peers. And that will definitely have a negative effect. WOODS: What this can add up to is what has been called, informally, money dysmorphia. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] SPEAKER 1: This is money dysmorphia. The New York Times-- [END PLAYBACK] WOODS: This is not a clinical diagnosis. It's a label that sprung up on TikTok and many blogs a couple of years ago. [AUDIO PLAYBACK] SPEAKER 2: Here are the symptoms. SPEAKER 3: Feeling confused about where you are financially compared to other people, right? [END PLAYBACK] WOODS: Tali Sharot says that the pains of comparison are real. SHAROT: There's so many studies and some of this-- these are studies that we've conducted that show that people will care more and are happier if they get more rewards, in this case money, relative to others. WOODS: Say somebody is getting paid $100,000 a year, and that's more than anybody else. Tali says that person will be happier than someone on $200,000 a year whose peers are getting more. After all, comparison is the thief of joy. SHAROT: And it makes sense. You know, you're-- unconsciously, what your brain is doing at all times, it's kind of trying to figure out where you can go relative to where you are. WOODS: The importance of expectations for happiness shows up in all kinds of areas. Tali talks about a curious fact women's rights. In the early 1970s, women reported being happier than men. At the same time, women generally needed a man to co-sign their application for a credit card. From those decades through to the early 2000s, discrimination against women lessened. SHAROT: Women's rights have definitely become better, but what has-- what has been shown is that women's happiness and well-being did not necessarily grow with it. And that's the-- the paradox. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可以加入【打卡交流群】

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST: We're following a big breakup this morning. This is the moment in the relationship where you go back through the old photos and cry, or maybe edit the other person out. Elon Musk and President Trump seemed inseparable for months. Musk brought one of his many children, X, to the White House. Elon Musk: Well, if you don't have a feedback group, okay, we'd have to, if you, sorry. INSKEEP: He turned up casually dressed at cabinet meetings. Musk: Obviously, that can only be done with the support of everyone in this room. And I'd like to thank everyone for your support. Thank you very much. INSKEEP: He stood up the Department of Government Efficiency, one of the world's richest men joyously firing people while waving around a chainsaw. Musk: This is the chainsaw for bureaucracy. Chainsaw! And President Trump was all in favor as recently as last week when Musk left government service. Trump: And he's one of the greatest business leaders and innovators the world has ever produced. He stepped forward to put his very great talents into the the service of our nation, and we appreciate it. INSKEEP: This is all history. Maybe. Because they broke up yesterday. NPR White House correspondent Daniel Kurtzleben was watching. Hi there, Danielle. Daniel Kurtzleben: Hey, good morning. I guess we should note this very personal-seeming dispute began with an actual policy disagreement. What is it? Kurtzleben: Ostensibly, yeah. I mean, the big, beautiful bill was at the start of all of this. That bill is the massive policy package Republicans are trying to pass right now. Now, Musk had loudly criticized that bill for days because of the cost of the bill. At one point, Musk called the bill a disgusting abomination. And look, the bill is expensive. The nonpartisan CBO has reported it would add $2.4 trillion to future deficits. But then all of that brings us to yesterday when Trump was asked about Musk's criticism of that bill. And Trump said that he thinks Musk, as CEO of Tesla, well, he's just angry that the bill would cut tax incentives for people buying electric cars. Trump: All of a sudden he had a problem, and he only developed the problem when he found out that we're going to have to cut the EV mandate because that's billions and billions of dollars. Kurtzleben: And then Trump went further. He also said Musk just misses the power and attention that he had when he was in government. INSKEEP: OK, so this escalated in real time. Musk got onto X and he said EV credits aren't the issue for me. And then what? Kurtzleben: You're right, it escalated. Well, Trump then threatened to end the government contracts that Musk's companies have. Musk, in turn, threatened to decommission a spacecraft that NASA uses. And then Musk got really aggressive. He posted that Trump hadn't released all the records around sex offender Jeffrey Epstein because, according to Musk, those files implicate Trump. Now, I should say, Musk did not provide any evidence of that. And Musk also has in the past made accusations of sex crimes without evidence. I did talk to the White House. They had no immediate comment on any of that. But Musk had even more to say, including retweeting someone calling for Trump's impeachment. So, yeah, this is about as ugly of a falling out as there is. All of that said,, it is worth pointing out, Musk and Trump were never in complete lockstep. There was friction there while Musk was still a government employee. INSKEEP: I just want to ask how much this matters, because it all feels like a TV show, an unreality show. Does it matter? Kurtzleben: Well, look, to some degree, the attention this is getting is, yeah, just social media rubbernecking. And definitely, if you watch Democrats and leftists online, the schadenfreude is high. But to zoom way out, whether or not this is consequential, it's remarkable, because of the remarkable way that Trump elevated Musk. Now, Trump brought in this businessman, gave him sweeping power, but it wasn't a one-way street. Musk spent more than a quarter of a billion dollars helping Trump get elected. So yesterday, Musk made it clear he thought he deserved more in return. He posted, without me, Trump would have lost the election. And he added, quote, such ingratitude. Musk all but said that, yeah, my money should buy me power. INSKEEP: NPR's Daniel Kurtzleben, thanks so much. Thank you. 📻 更多英语听力及文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:When President Trump signed a travel ban eight years ago, it was one of his signature moves and it caused nationwide convulsions. LEILA FADEL, HOST:Yeah, Trump had explicitly promised to ban Muslims from the country and he had to change the ban several times to get it past the courts. This time around, the president's new travel ban is just one of several controversial moves he made on a particular Wednesday in June. INSKEEP: NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordonez covered the first Trump term and is covering the second and is with us once again. Franco, good morning. Franco Ordonez: Good morning, Steve. INSKEEP: What did the president sign this time? Ordonez: Yeah, Trump signed an order that will completely stop the travel to the U.S. by the citizens of 12 countries. Now, they include Afghanistan, Haiti, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen. Citizens from seven other countries will be subject to partial bans. They include Cuba, Sierra Leone and Venezuela. All this goes into effect on Monday. INSKEEP: What was the justification? Ordonez: Well, the justification for such a sweeping ban was that the White House, at least, says the action was needed to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks and that these countries lacked the right vetting capabilities. In a video statement, Trump actually cited the firebombing attack in Boulder, Colorado, as an example of why this was necessary. Trump: In the 21st century, we've seen one terror attack after another carried out by foreign visa overstayers from dangerous places all over the world. Ordonez: Now, Steve, I do want to note that that man charged with that attack is actually from Egypt, which is not among the countries listed in the travel ban. INSKEEP: OK, I am just remembering eight years ago, this happened very early in the administration. It happened rather abruptly. There was chaos at airports. There were immediate lawsuits. What is the response been this time? Ordonez: Yeah, I will say advocates were ready and they were waiting for this to come. already taking action now that it's here, they acknowledge that while the Trump administration did make some exceptions such as carving out an exception for Afghans who worked for the U.S. government during the war in Afghanistan. There are still tens of thousands of Afghans, especially FAMI members, who will not be allowed to enter the U.S. under the new ban. INSKEEP: I'm glad you're with us because you were around for this last time. How did the first round of travel bans work out? Ordonez: Yeah, you kind of mentioned it. I mean, it was very, very controversial because of the backstory of that first travel ban. You talked about the mayhem. I mean, during Trump's first campaign for the presidency, Trump called for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States. As you noted, there was all the chaos at the airports. And also, you know, our listeners will remember all the protests as well. The ban did face legal challenges and was blocked by the court. But Trump made all sorts of revisions. And eventually the Supreme Court did approve the third iteration of the ban. President Biden rescinded it, though, on his first day in office. Now it's back, INSKEEP: And it's a little bit more expansive, apparently, than the last time. This is not the only thing the president did yesterday. He escalated his fight with Harvard University. In what way? Ordonez: Yeah, he signed another proclamation to suspend visas for new international students at Harvard. The White House says it's a move to, quote, safeguard national security. Now, it's unclear, though, what force this order will actually have, because last week a federal judge ordered the administration not to make any changes to Harvard's student visa program. I do think it's safe, Steve, to say this proclamation will be upheld. INSKEEP: NPR's Franco Ordonez, thanks for the insights. Really appreciate it. Ordonez: Thank you, Steve. 📻 更多英语听力及文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

ARI SHAPIRO, HOST: South Korea's opposition party candidate has won the country's presidential election by a solid margin. The snap election comes after six months of chaos, triggered by the declaration of martial law and the previous president's impeachment. NPR's Anthony Kuhn reports from Seoul. ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE: In his victory speech, Lee Jae-myung pledged to restore democracy to South Korea. LEE JAE-MYUNG: (Speaking Korean). KUHN: "The first mission you gave me is to overcome the insurrection once and for all," he said, "to ensure that there will never again be a military coup that threatens the people." Martial law was a key issue for many voters. Outside one polling place, we spoke to Park Seong-hwi, 32. She said that in the last election in 2022, she voted for a liberal, third-party candidate who fit her feminist views. Instead, Yoon Suk Yeol was elected, and he declared martial law. Park says this made her regret voting for a minor-party candidate. PARK SEONG-HWI: (Through interpreter) I think waking up to find your country in flames would be enough to make anyone rethink their choice. KUHN: So in this election, Park voted for Lee Jae-myung, thinking that he was not an ideal choice but a realistic one. PARK: (Through interpreter) I felt I should vote for someone from a party with the power to keep me alive and protect my safety as a woman. KUHN: While conservative administrations have focused on deterrence against North Korea, Lee Jae-myung has promised diplomatic engagement with Pyongyang. But that doesn't go over so well with some older voters whose views were shaped by the legacy of the 1950-1953 Korean War. Sixty-year-old Nam Kyung-won says she went to a school built on a former Korean War battleground. Her school's principal told students that the spirits of patriots rested beneath their feet. Nam remembers seeing South Korean soldiers' remains exhumed from the school grounds. NAM KYUNG-WON: (Through interpreter) Seeing the bones made me realize what the principal said was true - that there were people like me who died trying to save the country lying right there. KUHN: Nam said that experience never left her, and her views of North Korea haven't changed. NAM: (Through interpreter) I think that really engraved in me that after growing up and playing in a school with such a sad history, I could never support those who collaborate with or endorse North Korea. KUHN: Lee Jae-myung has promised to engage with North Korea, but he's also pledged to keep South Korea's alliance with the U.S. ironclad. Seo Jungkun is a political scientist at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. He says that while Lee has proposed reaching out to North Korea, his campaign is focused more on bread-and-butter issues. That's partly because North Korea appears unwilling to either engage with South Korea or give up its nuclear weapons. SEO JUNGKUN: A North Korea denuclearization is not thinkable anymore. I mean, that is a huge factor for any new leadership in South Korea to talk more and more about domestic politics and the economy. KUHN: Lee Jae-myung has similarly not spelled out how he plans to deal with the Trump administration's tariffs or its prioritizing confronting China. Seo says that South Korea hasn't really figured out President Trump's intentions, much less how it should respond to them. SEO: I don't think we are ready to sort of lay out the Korean version of foreign policy towards the 2.0 Trump administration. KUHN: He notes that Lee's experience as a mayor and provincial governor has made him into a more pragmatic administrator than some of his liberal colleagues. But it's hard to know how liberal or centrist Lee will really be, Seo says, until he takes office. Anthony Kuhn, NPR News, Seoul. 📻 更多英语听力及文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Ariana Aspuru, Host:If you're tired of paying a monthly bill for your subscription, you might consider switching to a lifetime membership. Wall Street Journal columnist Nicole Nguyen joins me. Nicole, I feel like a lot more things come with subscriptions these days. Why is that? Nicole Nguyen:It's a really good business for companies to get your money month after month. It allows them to charge a lower cost up front, which is enticing. It's like, oh, I can try this service for just a couple bucks a month. The problem is consumers are really bad at unsubscribing and companies are betting that we will forget or that the friction to unsubscribe is so large that we won't and they can continue to eat into our wallets. Ariana: Yeah, I had the same thing happen. I got a subscription to watch the Grammys a little bit ago. And guess what? It just renewed. And I was like, oh my gosh. Nicole: Yeah, they gotcha. Ariana: I'll get them next time. Nicole, what are the benefits of having a lifetime subscription? Nicole: Hopefully before you sign up for a lifetime subscription, you're really considering the cost and your usage. It forces people to really pause and reflect on whether or not that service is useful in their life, which is a great thing. That's one benefit. And another benefit is it just gets rid of that monthly fee. You don't really have to worry about these recurring costs adding up over time. If you can stick with the service and amortize that cost, then it can save you money. Ariana: What are the possible downsides? downsides? Nicole: One downside is that the company ceases to exist in a shorter amount of time than you expected. This is definitely a possibility in my over a decade or so covering technology. I've seen many services come and go. Another downside is maybe a bigger tech company copies that app idea and offers it to you for free or at low cost. Both Apple and Google have been guilty of this. And another downside is that without that reminder hitting your credit card bill every month that you're paying for the service, you might forget that you even have access to it and you might be less motivated to use it. Ariana: And another thing people consider is the actual price of the lifetime membership. Let's ballpark. How much can these cost? I know it's dependent on the company, but just so we can get some numbers out here. Nicole: At the low end, under 50 bucks. At the high end, over $1,000, sometimes thousands. But these services range from a little widget that makes your home screen really cute to like increased acceleration on your electric vehicle. Ariana: If someone sees a service like that or one that they're considering and they offer a lifetime subscription, what's the first bit of math they should do to figure out if it's right for them? Nicole: If there's an annual fee, divide that lifetime fee by the annual fee. And that'll tell you the number of years that you need to use the service to even balance the books, to break even. Ideally, you want to use the service longer than that amount of time to actually extract value. And the companies are betting that you won't. So do. Ariana: Prove them wrong. Nicole: Yes. Ariana: In your column, you also write that these really should be called long term subscriptions. Why is that? Nicole: In the year 2025, things on the internet are not guaranteed to be forever. And a company can be acquired, it can be closed down and shut down. They can choose to release a new version of their service and leave the addition that you locked in into a lifetime subscription behind. So I think that they should be called long-term subscriptions because you're really making an investment on the next several years and not your lifetime, but the company's lifetime. Ariana: Can you or the company ever cancel a lifetime subscription? Like any way you could get your money back if you're just not into it? Nicole: In almost all of the examples that I looked into, No, you cannot cancel a lifetime subscription unless you do so immediately and make a very lovely plea via written email to the customer service team at that company. But no, they are not cancelable. But a company can cancel on you if it decides to shut down or stop supporting the lifetime agreement. Ariana: What companies might be more beneficial to pay a monthly subscription for rather than a lifetime one? Nicole: If it's too good to be true, then it probably is. Two examples where these kinds of services have extremely high recurring costs, and we do see lifetime subscriptions, but do not be tempted by them, are in virtual private networks and cloud storage solutions. 🎨 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

We are emotional beings. Emotions don't turn off just because I've walked through the door of work or because I've turned my laptop on and I'm in a business setting. There's a phenomenon that I write about in my book called emotional contagion. We can literally catch the emotions of those around us. And I'm sure you probably have experienced something like this. You're connecting with a peer or a colleague who's feeling down, and before you know it you start feeling that same emotion. And the same can happen for someone who's really upbeat, really positive, after you finish engaging with them, you just feel high and maybe you can't explain it. We literally can catch the emotional energy of another. I'm Cassandra Worthy. I'm a speaker and founder and CEO of Change Enthusiasm Global and I'm the author of Change Enthusiasm: How to Harness the Power of Emotion for Leadership and Success. Emotion actually travels faster than rational thought. And so when you're experiencing a big change like being given a new manager, like your business being acquired by another company, there's actually an emotional response that happens first. And the first things that we typically face are what I call the signal emotions of change and those are fear, frustration, anger, anxiety, and grief. And I feel too often we are taught or we have learned to suppress those emotions, to ignore them, especially in the business world and the professional setting because the change has to happen. You've got to get through it. So let go of those emotions and just grit your teeth and bear it. And so it's so important that we are in tune to recognize those emotions because they're very powerful. When we're fueled purely by those signal emotions, we do and we say things that we often regret. And I know that either you yourself or you've experienced folks around you who have acted in anger, who have acted in rage, and that can take you into that mental downward spiral. So as I think about the power of choice and I think about our emotional energy, the geek in me always comes out and I think about the first law of thermodynamics. And it talks about energy, that it can neither be created nor destroyed. Rather, it can either be transferred, transformed, or conserved. So if you apply that to our emotional energy with us being the closed system, we can conserve our energy, holding it in, suppressing it, and then it manifesting in all types of other physical ailments like higher blood pressure, inability to sleep, like driving us to the bar and wanting to drink all night, all the things that stress can bring about. We also have the choice of transferring that energy which is like emoting, venting to another. And honestly, this is where most of us go at the very beginning of a change announcement because it's kind of our natural tendency. We want to vent, we want to talk about how terrible this is. Did you hear about this announcement? Can you believe this? And so it's moving that energy. But if you're only venting, if you're only transferring the emotional energy from one individual to another, it's like playing this game of hot potato, right? You're just moving that same energy all around. And it's not just one individual churning and moving into a downward spiral, it's the entire organization. The other choice that we can make is to transform that energy. That's like transforming anxiety into anticipation. It's the same energy, but it carries a different signature. It becomes fuel. The more that we can be self-aware of these emotions, self-aware of the data, we can use it to inform us in a way that can be productive to help us evolve and to grow. And so as an individual, when you can become empowered to recognize those emotions, of course allowing them to exist, but then knowing that you are in the seat of choice, you have the power to transform it, you're literally rewiring the chemistry of your brain. I think about our negative thoughts or the thoughts that inspire or nurture negative emotion as weeds that need to be plucked and the soil that the weeds are in as our mental state. Farmers remove weeds from soil and it can actually inform them on what that soil is deficient of, what that soil needs more of. It's a really compelling analogy for me because it teaches me that if we can remove the negative thought from our mind and then explore it, understand it, it can inform us of our mental state. And then the more that we are informed of our mental state, what's lacking, what's deficient, what do we need to be nurturing, what should we be thinking? It can help us reap our intended crop, or the way that we wish to experience that change. You are going to face an infinite amount of change in both your personal and your professional career. We can be empowered for that change to happen for us and not against us. 🧐 视频版和更多文本见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "BAD BLOOD (TAYLOR'S VERSION)") TAYLOR SWIFT: (Singing) 'Cause, baby, now we got bad blood. You know, it used to be bad love. So take a look at what you've done 'cause, baby, now we've got bad blood. Hey. SCOTT SIMON, HOST: After years of bad blood over the ownership of her early albums, Taylor Swift's master recordings finally belong to her. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "YOU BELONG WITH ME") SWIFT: (Singing) If you could see that I'm the one who understands you, been here all along, so why can't you see you belong with me? You belong with me. SIMON: Until now, of course, corporate interests have controlled the rights to her original recordings. She made the announcement on her website Friday, calling it more than a dream come true. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "WILDEST DREAMS") SWIFT: (Singing) Even if it's just in your wildest dreams, ah. Wildest dreams, ah. SIMON: Gaining control over her early music comes after Taylor Swift has already re-recorded four of the six albums, which she calls Taylor's Versions. NPR Music's Stephen Thompson joins us now. Stephen, thanks so much for being with us. STEPHEN THOMPSON, BYLINE: Thank you, Scott. SIMON: Been a long time coming for Taylor Swift, hasn't it? THOMPSON: Yeah, it is the product of years of disputes. Taylor Swift's first six albums came out on a label called Big Machine Records. In 2019, after she'd completed that contract, Big Machine was sold to a group led by her former manager, Scooter Braun. The next year, he sold the masters to a group called Shamrock Holdings. Taylor Swift was furious. She still coveted ownership of her masters and felt like she'd been kind of denied the chance to bid on her own work. And so she set about recording new versions of those albums herself, basically to create a new set of master recordings that she would control. But she has openly wished for years that she could acquire those rights and to essentially own her entire career output outright. SIMON: How much did this cost Taylor Swift to get back her own masters? THOMPSON: Billboard magazine is reporting that she paid roughly $360 million, and that that's not far off from what Shamrock Holdings paid. SIMON: What does it mean for an artist to own their own master recordings? THOMPSON: Well, Taylor Swift has always retained publishing rights to her songs. She writes her own material. That's part of what allowed her to re-record the albums herself. But owning the masters means that she has complete control of how her music is used, like the actual recordings themselves. She can authorize their use on soundtracks and commercials however she wants, and it goes without saying that the catalog for an artist like Taylor Swift is worth an absolute fortune. It's no longer a tradable asset to anyone but Taylor Swift herself. And I think it's safe to say that her catalog is no longer for sale. SIMON: And how unusual is this for an artist? THOMPSON: There's definitely precedent for it. You know, artists have gone back and reacquired their rights - Jay-Z, Rihanna. You know, a few others have gone back and gone through the process of purchasing their own works. But she's kind of trying to set a template for other artists going forward to make sure that in the deals they sign, they have the opportunity to reacquire control of their own work. SIMON: What happens now? Is she going to put out what I'll call new versions of her originals now that she owns the masters? THOMPSON: Well, in the statement that she made on her website, she said she's still going to put out those Taylor's Versions of the other two records that haven't come out yet. Her self-titled debut from 2006, and her album "Reputation" from 2017. She said the debut record is basically done. It's ready to be released, but that "Reputation's" going to take a while because it's the one she feels the least need to retool. So the way she put it is that those new versions are still going to come out, but they'll be a celebration instead of a bittersweet reclamation. She's now the sole keeper of the Taylor Swift empire. I hope she writes a whole album about how happy she is. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "STAY BEAUTIFUL") SWIFT: (Singing) You're beautiful, every little piece, love. Don't you know, you're really going to be someone? SIMON: NPR's Stephen Thompson. Thanks so much for being with us. THOMPSON: Thank you, Scott. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "STAY BEAUTIFUL") SWIFT: (Singing) And when you find everything you look for, I hope your life leads you back to my door. Oh, but if it don't, stay beautiful. 📻 更多英语听力及文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】