BBC Media｜多动症诊断中的性别差异

Gender gap in ADHD diagnosis

Research suggests ADHD is three to four times more likely to be detected in childhood in boys as they tend to exhibit more disruptive behaviours.

The symptoms in girls tend to be more subtle: less hyperactive, more inattentive. The diagnoses gap between males and females appears to shrink in adulthood, but psychologists say the bias can remain.

The ADHD Foundation says increased awareness is needed in health and educational settings about how the condition can present differently. A late diagnosis can negatively impact on relationships, careers, and mental health.

In England, NICE guidance has been updated to make it easier for doctors to detect women and girls with ADHD. Work to improve neurodevelopmental services is underway in Scotland and Wales. But there are currently no dedicated services for adults with ADHD in Northern Ireland.

词汇表
ADHD 多动症，注意力缺乏多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder）
detect [dɪ'tekt] 发现，察觉，检测
exhibit [ɪɡ'zɪbɪt] 表现出，展出
disruptive [dɪs'rʌptɪv] 扰乱性的，破坏性的
subtle ['sʌt(ə)l] 微妙的，不明显的
hyperactive [ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv] 过于亢奋的，过于活跃的
inattentive  [ˌɪnəˈtentɪv] 注意力不集中的，漫不经心的
diagnoses gap [ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsiːz][ɡæp] 诊断差距
shrink [ʃrɪŋk] 减少，缩小
bias ['baɪəs] 偏见，成见
foundation [faʊn'deɪʃ(ə)n] 基金会；基础
NICE 国家卫生与保健优化研究所(The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)
neurodevelopmental [ˌnəʊruːdɪˈveləpməntl] 神经发育的
underway [ˌʌndə(r)ˈweɪ] 起步的，进行中的
dedicated [ˈdedɪkeɪt] 专用的，专门的

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