Why Do We Work So Hard? We work as we do because – of course – we need to; because nothing is cheap, because the bills are incessant; because of all the good and wise and sensible reasons that we've been highly aware of since mid-adolescence at least. But that is too neat, and we know it deep down; we know that there is also – alongside this – something a bit more complicated that we use the idea of necessity to avoid. We work so hard because we are in terror of stillness. Because being scared of the world offers the most respectable distraction from a dread of our own minds. Because we have no idea how to let anyone know us outside of our achievements; because it seems inconceivable that we have any value beyond what we do. Because we were schooled early on in the art of being terrified – and we are still too young to question our elders. Because we use the noise from without to drown the murmurs from within. Because we can't read poetry; for we despise anything that doesn't have a charted purpose or goal, and that therefore threatens to collide us with the unexpected. Because we don't allow ourselves to be acquainted with the night. Because if we started with the questions, we have no idea where we might have to go – and what might need to be discarded. Because we are in flight from untenable sadness and regret. Because we haven't got too many (or even any) real friends. Because few people ever just held us quietly. Because we have no idea what to do with ourselves other than run. Because we find peace so much harder than war. And because the real work might lie elsewhere. 词汇表 bill [bɪl] 账单 incessant [ɪnˈsesnt] 连续不断的，没完没了的 sensible [ˈsensəbl] 明智的，理智的，合理的 mid-adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns] 青春期中期 deep down 在心底，实际上 be in terror of [ˈterə(r) ] 害怕，恐惧 stillness [ˈstɪlnəs] 静止，寂静 be scared of [skeəd] 害怕，恐惧 respectable [rɪˈspektəbl] 体面的，得体的，值得尊敬的 distraction [dɪˈstrækʃn] 分心的事物；注意力分散 dread [dred] 恐惧，畏惧 inconceivable [ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl] 难以想象的，不可思议的 school [skuːl] 培养，教育 terrified [ˈterɪfaɪd] 恐惧的，很害怕的 murmur [ˈmɜː(r)mə(r)] 低语， 杂音 despise [dɪˈspaɪz] 鄙视，看不起 charted [ˈtʃɑː(r)tɪd] 既定的，明确的，规划好的 threaten to [ˈθretn] 可能会，威胁着要 collide [kəˈlaɪd] 碰撞，冲突，抵触 be acquainted with [əˈkweɪntɪd] 熟悉，了解，与…相识 discard [dɪˈskɑː(r)d] 丢弃，摒弃 be in flight from [flaɪt] 逃避，逃离 untenable [ʌnˈtenəbl] 难以忍受的，难维持的；站不住脚的 🏫翻译、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进入【打卡交流群】

The Extraordinary Power of Kindness You might think about kindness as being this quite soft, fluffy, wishy-washy thing, but actually, it's really fundamental to how we connect with each other. I think being kind is part of the purpose of being alive. Back in 2011, I was sitting in a café, just enjoying a breakfast, when I looked up at a screen and there was a double-decker bus on fire in London. It was terrifying. It looked like civil war. And there was a very negative response to the riots that really upset me as well. I'd felt increasingly despairing about what felt like the enormity of the problems of the world. I didn't know what I could do. (A few days later, Bernadette gave a stranger in a post office 50p for a stamp.) And he was overwhelmed with gratitude, it was disproportionate to my tiny amount of time and money. But I thought, I did kind of put a smile on his face, that sort of did make a difference. So as I was going home, I concocted this foolhardy notion that I was going to try and do an act of kindness every single day for a stranger for a year. It was completely life-transforming. It's one of the big paradoxes of kindness – that an act of kindness that is intended to benefit others actually had some positive consequences for yourself. There are patterns of activation in the brain which correspond to a boost to wellbeing. The reward pathways in the brain are activated when people are performing kind acts. Those relationships that are required for working cooperatively are founded upon basic social connections. So it's pretty fundamental to how human beings interact with each other. I was like high every day, right? Mostly it was kind of a warm glow round your heart and also your tummy. It just felt really good. So if kindness is so beneficial, and it's in our nature, why don't we live in a kinder world? Human beings have a predisposition to exhibit kindness to other people. But they also have the possibility of demonstrating quite significant unkindness to other people. The environment makes a huge difference. All of those stories about kindness being weak, we have to challenge those now. When you think of a really successful person, do you think of someone who's kind? Or do you think of someone who's out there in the limelight, really dominant figure, a celebrity, who's very wealthy? What can we do to turn the narrative of success around? So we say that actually being successful does involve positive relationships with other people. So how could we build kinder world? This can't simply be a matter of instructing people in a given setting to be kind. Hey, you. You need to be kind. We need to change our environment so that it feels normative to be kind. I would really like to see businesses, schools, hospitals all public services, have a kindness manifesto, so that they all ask themselves, "Is this kind?" So that it becomes an ordinary part of our conversation at every level in every organisation, everywhere. The biggest lesson for me was to embrace the fact that every single day, I can do something. That thing might be just saying 'good morning' to someone. That thing might be just smiling. That's how we change the world. The small stuff may actually be the big stuff. All those small things that you figure, "Well, they're not important, just people being nice to each other." Maybe that's the most important thing for creating an environment which actually enables people to feel good and to be able to work together and to be able to take on some really big challenges. 词汇表 fluffy [ˈflʌfi] 空洞的，不切实际的；松软的，毛茸茸的 wishy-washy [ˈwɪʃi wɒʃi] 优柔寡断的，软弱无力的，空洞无内容的 fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] 必要的，重要的，基本的，根本的 café [ˈkæfeɪ] 咖啡馆，小餐馆 double-decker bus [ˌdʌbl ˈdekə(r)] 双层巴士 civil war [ˌsɪvl ˈwɔː(r)] 内战 riot [ˈraɪət] 暴乱，骚乱，暴动 despairing [dɪˈspeərɪŋ] 感到绝望的，失去希望的 enormity [ɪˈnɔː(r)məti] 巨大，严重性，深远影响 post office 邮局 stamp [stæmp] 邮票，图章，印记 be overwhelmed with gratitude [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈwelm(d)] [ˈɡrætɪtjuːd] 感激不已，不胜感激 disproportionate [ˌdɪsprəˈpɔː(r)ʃənət] 不成比例的，不相称的 concoct [kənˈkɒkt] 萌生，编造，策划；调制 foolhardy [ˈfuːlˌhɑː(r)di] 鲁莽的，蛮干的，大胆的 notion [ˈnəʊʃ(ə)n] 想法，观念，概念 life-transforming [trænsˌfɔː(r)mɪŋ] 改变生活的，对生活产生重大影响的 paradox [ˈpærədɒks] 悖论，矛盾的人或事 be intended to [ɪnˈtendɪd] 旨在，目的是，为了 activation [ˌæktɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n] 激活；活化 reward pathway [rɪˈwɔː(r)d ˈpɑː(r)θweɪ] 奖励通路，奖赏回路 perform kind acts 行善，实施善举，做好事 warm glow [ɡləʊ] 温暖的感觉，温情效应（指做某个善举时令人愉悦的内在幸福感） tummy [ˈtʌmi] 胃，肚子，腹部 predisposition [ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] 倾向，癖性；（易患某种病的）体质 in the limelight [ˈlaɪmlaɪt] 引人注目，备受瞩目，处于显要地位 dominant figure [ˈdɒmɪnənt ˈfɪɡə(r)] 主导人物，领军人物 turn the narrative around [ˈnærətɪv] 扭转观念 normative [ˈnɔː(r)mətɪv] 规范的，标准的，常态的 manifesto [ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ] 宣言，声明 💡 翻译、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Sarada lizard's fight for love Seven Worlds, One Planet｜Asia Conditions are almost as harsh on the dry plains of northern India. A male Sarada lizard does his best to get himself noticed. It's breeding time. The wide-open spaces are a good place to be seen. He's only seven centimetres tall, but a rock will help to make him conspicuous. And he's already been noticed by one female. It's time for him to show off. The more healthy and virile he is, the brighter his colours are. And females like bright, flashy colours. But he, it seems, is not as conspicuous as he might be. In the neighbouring territory, there's another male who's found an even bigger rock. So the newcomer is not making quite such a good impression. The one on the big rock is attracting all the females. The newcomer will need a higher platform if he's to be seen by a female - and he'd better do something about it. He only lives for a year. This is his one chance. He will have to fight if necessary. His rival isn't backing down. Sarada males can fight to the death. The newcomer has won. Now, he can claim the high platform and the best territory. And the females will choose him for a partner as long as he can fight off the other claimants. 词汇表 harsh [hɑː(r)ʃ] 严酷的，恶劣的 plain [pleɪn] 平原，草原 Sarada lizard [səˈrɑːdə ˈlɪzəd] 华丽扇喉蜥（学名Sarada superba，主要分布于印度北部的干旱地区，繁殖季时，雄性会通过展示艳丽的喉扇、两腿奔跑、占据高地等行为吸引雌性） breeding time [ˈbriːdɪŋ] 繁殖季 wide-open space 开阔的地带 conspicuous [kənˈspɪkjuəs] 显眼的，引人注目的 show off 展示，使突出；炫耀，卖弄 virile [ˈvɪraɪl] 有男子气概的，强壮的 flashy [ˈflæʃi] 艳丽的，耀眼的，显眼的 neighbouring territory [ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈterətri] 相邻的领地 newcomer [ˈnjuːkʌmə(r)] 新来者，新手 rival [ˈraɪvl] 对手，竞争者 back down 退缩，放弃，让步 fight to the death 决一死战，斗争到底 claim [kleɪm] 占据，夺得 fight off 击退，抵抗 claimant [ˈkleɪmənt] 竞争者，争夺者 🌍 更多文本内容、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

The world's first digital country Tuvalu, the fourth smallest nation in the world, announced its intention to become the world's first digital country back in 2022. But why, and how? Facing the devastating effects of rising sea levels caused by climate change, the nation, made up of three reef islands and six atolls, is rapidly becoming uninhabitable. Tuvalu sits between Hawaii and Australia and is grappling with increasingly dire conditions. In 2022, at high tide, nearly 40% of the capital became submerged, according to the news agency Reuters. A recent assessment by scientists at NASA indicated that "much of the land plus critical infrastructure will sit below the level of the current high tide by 2050". And projections suggest the entire country could be underwater by the year 2100. Global warming has already displaced many of Tuvalu's 11,000 inhabitants, while coral bleaching and coastal erosion continue to degrade the surrounding environment. This is why the government plans to back up the country and rebuild a virtual online replica. The announcement was first made at the UN Climate Change Conference, COP27 by Tuvalu's Minister of Justice, Simon Kofe. He said, "As our land slips below the ocean, we have no choice but to become the world's first digital nation. Our land, our ocean, our culture are the most precious assets of our people". The country has since been preserving Tuvalu's cultural and historical identity by recording historical documents, maps, family photograph albums, traditional songs, and other cultural practices, all of which will be accessible online. In early 2024, Place, a global non-profit organisation, began mapping the physical features of Funafuti, Tuvalu's capital, using drones and 360-degree cameras. Though moving a country online has legal challenges – international law requires a country to have territory and population, both of which are uncertain in Tuvalu's future. At the same time, critics argue the plan is just for publicity, highlighting the need to reduce emissions. Whatever happens, a digital twin of the country will help preserve its culture and heritage for generations to come. 词汇表 Tuvalu [tuːˈvɑːluː] 图瓦卢（西太平洋岛国） intention [ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n] 意图，打算，计划 digital country ['dɪdʒɪt(ə)l] 数字化国家（本文指由于海平面上升威胁居住地，图瓦卢欲通过数字化手段来保存国家的文化、历史等） devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] 毁灭性的，极具破坏力的 reef island [ˈriːf ˈaɪlənd] 礁岛 atoll [ˈætɒl] 环礁，环状珊瑚岛 uninhabitable [ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbl] 不适宜居住的，无法居住的 grapple with [ˈɡræpl] 努力应对，设法解决 dire [ˈdaɪə(r)] 严重的，危急的，极端的 high tide [taɪd] 高潮，满潮（潮水最高的时候） submerged [səbˈmɜːdʒd] 被水淹没的，水下的 assessment [əˈsesmənt] 评估，评定，评价 NASA [ˈnæsə] 美国国家航空航天局（全称 National Aeronautics and Space Administration） critical infrastructure [ˈkrɪtɪkl ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)] 关键基础设施 sit below 位于……下方 projection [prəˈdʒekʃn] 预测，推断，设想 underwater [ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)] 水下的，在水中的 displace [dɪsˈpleɪs] 使背井离乡，迫使离开家园 inhabitant [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] 居民，居住者 coral bleaching [ˈkɒrəl ˈbliːtʃɪŋ] 珊瑚白化 coastal erosion [ˈkəʊstl ɪˈrəʊʒn] 海岸侵蚀 degrade [dɪˈɡreɪd] 使恶化，使退化，使降级 back up 备份，支持 virtual online replica [ˈvɜːtʃuəl][ˈreplɪkə] 虚拟在线副本 COP27 [kɒp] 联合国气候变化大会第27届会议（全称27th Conference of the Parties） Minister of Justice [ˈmɪnɪstə(r) ɒv ˈdʒʌstɪs] 司法部长 slip below [ˈslɪp bɪˈləʊ] 滑到…下面，沉入…下方 asset [ˈæset] 资产，财产，有价值的东西 historical identity [hɪˈstɒrɪkl aɪˈdentəti] 历史认同，历史身份 cultural practice 文化习俗 accessible [əkˈsesəbl] 可接近的，可进入的，可使用的 non-profit [ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt] 非营利的 map [ˈmæp] 绘制地图，测绘 Funafuti [ˌfuːnəˈfuːti] 富纳富提（图瓦卢首都） drone [drəʊn] 无人机，无人驾驶飞机 360-degree camera 360度摄像机，全景摄像头 territory [ˈterətri] 领土，领地，版图 publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] 公众关注，宣传，宣扬 📖 翻译、pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Edinburgh's tourist tax: a UK first Although they're common in Europe, this will be the first city-wide tourist tax in the UK. The Scottish Parliament passed legislation paving the way last year, and now Edinburgh councillors are set to introduce the charge. It will apply to anyone booking overnight accommodation including hotels, AirBnBs, hostels and campsites. The 5% charge will be capped at five consecutive nights. Edinburgh City Council believes that the levy could eventually raise up to £50 million a year with the funds reinvested in the city to support housing, infrastructure and cultural events. But a number of accommodation operators are sceptical about the scheme. Concerns have been raised about the time scale, and some self-catering operators have argued that this is an extra burden on top of a new licensing scheme that was introduced in 2023. But, despite these complaints, the direction of travel seems clear. A number of other Scottish councils are developing their own proposals for a similar visitor levy. 词汇表 city-wide [sɪtiˈwaɪd] 全市范围的，覆盖全市的 tourist tax [tæks] 旅游税（针对游客征收的税收，通常用于维护和改善旅游目的地的基础设施和服务） Scottish Parliament [ˈskɒtɪʃ][ˈpɑː(r)ləmənt] 苏格兰议会 legislation [ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃ(ə)n] 立法，法规，法案 pave the way [peɪv] 为…铺平道路，为…打下基础 Edinburgh [ˈedɪnbərə] 爱丁堡（英国苏格兰首府） councillor [ˈkaʊnsələ(r)] 政务委员，议员 be set to 准备好，即将做 charge [tʃɑː(r)dʒ] 收费，费用 overnight accommodation [ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt][əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n] 过夜住宿 AirBnB [ˈeə(r) ˌbiː en ˈbiː] 爱彼迎（民宿短租平台） hostel [ˈhɒstl] 青年旅舍，旅社，招待所 campsite [ˈkæmpsaɪt] 露营地，度假营地 be capped at [kæpt] 上限为，限制在 consecutive [kənˈsekjətɪv] 连续的，连贯的 City Council [ˈkaʊns(ə)l] 市政务委员会，市议会 levy [ˈlevi] 征税，税款 fund [fʌnd] 资金，基金 reinvest [ˌriːɪnˈvest] 再投资，重新投资 operator [ˈɒpəreɪtə(r)] 经营者，运营商 sceptical [ˈskeptɪkl] 怀疑的，持怀疑态度的 scheme [skiːm] 计划，方案，体系 time scale [skeɪl] 时间规定，时间范围 self-catering [ˌself ˈkeɪtərɪŋ] （住宿）提供自炊设施的，自供伙食的 on top of 除……之外，额外 license ['laɪs(ə)ns] 许可证，执照，特许 complaint [kəmˈpleɪnt] 抱怨，投诉，不满 direction of travel 发展趋势，行进方向 proposal [prəˈpəʊzl] 提议，建议，提案 🗒️翻译和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

Ne Zha 2 is sweeping global cinemas The Academy Awards may be later this week, but a film's success isn't just measured by its accolades. Box office numbers play a role too, of course. Chinese animation Ne Zha 2 has reached a major milestone, raking in almost $2 billion in just four weeks. It's now eclipsed Pixar's Inside Out 2 as the highest-grossing animated film of all time. Here's Ella Bicknall. Ne Zha 2, a film that has taken the world by storm. Its protagonist, a mischievous and powerful child spirit, reincarnated into a new body and forced to battle the burden of his past to protect the world from a growing evil force that threatens to destroy everything. Action meets fantasy and mythology with stunning special effects. Critics have called it a visual masterpiece. Those rave reviews on top of a prime Lunar New Year release date and a booming sense of Chinese nationalism. Audiences have been flocking to the theatres in droves. It's also been a hit in Japan, Egypt, Australia, New Zealand, and it's now on show in 800 cinemas across North America. "The animation in it was amazing. The attention to detail was really nice. I really the characters in it. It had a nice mixture of seriousness and fun and a little bit of a comedy." "I really enjoyed the fight scenes as well. The animation was so fun. It was super pretty and beautiful. Aesthetically distinct from a lot of Western animation and I really liked that. I think that was a breath of fresh air." The film has grossed more than $1.9 billion, overtaking animated blockbusters such as The Lion King, Toy Story and Frozen. As well as booming box office figures, there are hopes Ne Zha 2 will cause a boom for Chinese tourism. (Viewer) "The fight, the picturesque area, seeing something I saw on film, and now I see the reality. " English teacher Alexandros Rolis has been following the footsteps of Ne Zha's legendary journey through East China's Yangxi province. "I found out in the movie that it was about a certain location here in China, so I figured I'd go with my son because he loved the movie. The fact that he's half Chinese and half Canadian and he's really excited about learning more about the Chinese culture, I'm happy for that and I'm all for it." China State Railway Group wants to capitalize on the increased interest. Xiao Qingchun is a train conductor in the region. "We're giving commentary at every train station, linking the movie's storyline with the local culture. That, and we recommend tourist routes and destinations in the Jiangxi province. The movie's popularity is a boost to both tourism and our local culture." Despite its recent release, Ne Zha 2 is now the eighth highest-grossing film of all time. It's expected to pass the two billion mark soon, further solidifying its place in cinematic history. 词汇表 sweep [swiːp] 席卷，横扫，迅速传播 Academy Award [əˌkædəmi əˈwɔːd] 奥斯卡金像奖（美国电影艺术科学院颁发的年度电影成就奖） accolade [ˈækəleɪd] 荣誉；赞扬 Box office 票房；售票处 animation [ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn] 动画，动画制作 milestone [ˈmaɪlstəʊn] 里程碑，重要事件 rake [reɪk] 狂揽，收获，大量赚取（钱） eclipse [ɪˈklɪps] 超越，光芒盖过，使黯然失色 Pixar [ˈpɪksɑː] 皮克斯（美国著名动画制作公司） highest-grossing [ˈɡrəʊsɪŋ] 票房最高的 animated film [ˈænɪmeɪtɪd] 动画电影 take…by storm 风靡，席卷，大获成功 protagonist [prəˈtæɡənɪst] 主角，主人公 mischievous [ˈmɪstʃɪvəs] 顽皮的，淘气的 spirit 神灵，灵魂 reincarnate [ˌriːɪnˈkɑːneɪt] 使转世，化身，重生 evil force [ˈiːvl] 邪恶力 fantasy [ˈfæntəsi] 奇幻，幻想 mythology [mɪˈθɒlədʒi] 神话，神话学 stunning special effect [ˈstʌnɪŋ ˈspeʃl ɪˈfekt] 令人惊叹的特效 rave review [reɪv rɪˈvjuː] 热烈好评，盛赞 on top of 除此之外，加之 prime [praɪm] 黄金的，最佳的 booming [ˈbuːmɪŋ] 高涨的，蓬勃发展的 nationalism [ˈnæʃnəlɪzəm] 民族主义，国家主义 flock to…in droves [flɒk][drəʊvz] 成群涌入，蜂拥而至 aesthetically [iːsˈθetɪkli] 美学上，审美地 a breath of fresh air 令人耳目一新的事物 gross [ɡrəʊs] 总收入，总共赚得 overtake [ˌəʊvəˈteɪk] 超越，超过 animated blockbuster [ˈænɪmeɪtɪd ˈblɒkbʌstə] 动画大片 boom [buːm] 繁荣，蓬勃发展 picturesque [ˌpɪktʃəˈresk] 风景如画的，优美的 legendary [ˈledʒəndri] 传奇的，著名的 be all for something [biː ɔːl fɔː ˈsʌmθɪŋ] 完全支持某事，全力赞成 China State Railway Group 中国国家铁路集团 capitalize [ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz] 利用，从……中获利 train conductor [kənˈdʌktə] 列车乘务员 commentary [ˈkɒməntri] 解说，评论 storyline [ˈstɔːrilaɪn] 故事情节 tourist route [ˈtʊərɪst ruːt] 旅游路线 solidify [səˈlɪdɪfaɪ] 巩固，使稳固 cinematic history [ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk] 电影史 Inside Out 2, The Lion King, Toy Story, Frozen《头脑特工队2》《狮子王》 《玩具总动员》 《冰雪奇缘》 🌟翻译，pdf及更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可加入【打卡交流群】

How Repressed Emotions Make Us Sick The most curious and hazardous feature of the way we're built lies in the difficulty we have registering what we actually feel. Our vast and strange minds get filled with thoughts that go unsifted and with feelings we don't have the courage to look at. We remain unconscious – always – because we are resistant to ideas that threaten our sense of calm, our self-image and our gratifying illusions about who we are. We surely can't be angry because we're kind people who couldn't feel negatively about a beloved elderly relative. Or we can't be sad at not being invited to the party because we don't care about trivial, social matters. And it isn't possible that we are envious because we aren't people to covet others' advantages. There's a part of us that wants the truth, however bitter it might be; a minor part, but a notoriously insistent and ingenious part that won't leave us in peace until its case has been heard. It will, in order to stir us from our reverie, give us all manner of problems – breakdowns, illnesses, twitches, compulsions – in the hope of letting us know that there is something we would benefit from reckoning with. If our intellect won't look at our anger, the feeling may be sent to dwell in our lower back. If our anxiety isn't being dealt with psychologically, it may be relegated to our gut. Romantic frustration that is denied may – literally – begin to wreck our hearts. Our unfelt feelings end up as back pain, constipation, insomnia, migraines and arrhythmias. In order to spare our bodies some of their mute agonies, we should submit them to a curious sounding exercise. With our eyes closed, probably while we are lying in bed, we should pass over our different organs and zones and ask: If this could speak, what might it want to tell me? What might the heart ask for, the legs, the shoulders, the stomach? Our minds are probably better able to think of answers than we might presume. It could be surprisingly clear – once we ask the question – that our shoulders are desperate for the relationship to end; that our stomachs want us to take on less responsibility; that our hearts want a chance to say sorry; that our ribcage has had enough of pretending it is happy and that our lungs need an opportunity to scream. Many of our bodily ailments are ultimately mute forms of revenge for all the thoughts and feelings we have so carefully been refusing to entertain. We will feel so much better in our bodies once we have repatriated our concerns to our minds; once we have reversed the process of forgetting and dared to see and endure what we have been in flight from for too long. 词汇表 repressed [rɪ'prest]（情感）被压抑的，被抑制的 hazardous [ˈhæzədəz] 危险的，冒险的 register [ˈredʒɪstə(r)] 意识到，注意到 unsifted [ʌn'sɪftɪd] 未经筛选的，未经仔细检查过的 unconscious [ʌnˈkɒnʃəs] 无意识的，未察觉的 gratifying illusion [ˈɡrætɪˌfaɪɪŋ][ɪˈluːʒ(ə)n] 美好的幻想，令人满足的假象 beloved [bɪ'lʌvɪd] 心爱的，深爱的 trivial ['trɪviəl] 不重要的，琐碎的，微不足道的 covet ['kʌvət] 垂涎，觊觎，贪图 minor [ˈmaɪnə(r)] 轻微的，小的，次要的 notoriously [nəʊ'tɔ:rɪəslɪ] 非常，极其；臭名昭著地 insistent [ɪn'sɪstənt] 执着的，坚决的，坚持的 ingenious [ɪnˈdʒiːniəs] 机智的，巧妙的，有心计的 stir [stɜː(r)] 唤醒，使觉醒，使摆脱 reverie ['revəri] 幻想，梦想，白日梦 breakdown [ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn] 精神崩溃，神经失常 twitch [twɪtʃ] 抽搐，痉挛 compulsion [kəm'pʌlʃ(ə)n] 强迫行为，强迫症 reckon with ['rekən] 认真对付，处理，解决 intellect [ˈɪntəlekt] 理智，智力，理解力 dwell [dwel] 居住，栖身，存在于 relegate [ˈreləɡeɪt] 转移，移交，降级 gut [ɡʌt] 肠道，内脏 wreck [rek] 破坏，毁掉，损害 constipation [ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃ(ə)n] 便秘 insomnia [ɪnˈsɒmniə] 失眠 migraine [ˈmiːɡreɪn] 偏头痛 arrhythmia [ə'rɪθmɪə] 心律不齐，心律失常 mute agony ['æɡəni] 无声的折磨 submit (to) [səb'mɪt] 使经受，使受到；顺从 presume [prɪˈzjuːm] 设想，假设，以为 ribcage ['rɪbkeɪdʒ] 胸廓，胸腔 bodily ailment [ˈbɒdɪli]['eɪlmənt] 身体疾病，身体不适 revenge [rɪ'vendʒ] 报复，报仇 entertain [ˌentə(r)ˈteɪn] 接受，抱有，怀着（想法、疑问等） repatriate [ˌriːˈpætrieɪt] 遣返，调回（本国） reverse [rɪˈvɜː(r)s] 扭转，彻底改变，推翻 in flight from 逃开，逃避 🏫翻译、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进入【打卡交流群】

Five Simple Strategies to Sharpen Your Critical Thinking We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total of human knowledge is pretty much available at the click of a button. We've never had access to so much information. But not all of what's out there is quite what it seems. So here's a few strategies to navigate your way through and avoid falling out with people along the way. 1. Beware of Confirmation Bias We all enjoy that sweet dopamine hit of feeling like we're right. In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we're much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know. And much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views. It's what's known as "confirmation bias". It's one of the key "cognitive biases" that humans have, and it operates at an unconscious level – affecting our ability to process information. This is especially true for issues which are emotionally charged, or where our views are deeply held. But it can come into play at any time. So don't rush to decide, and be actively prepared to change your mind. 2. Embrace Nuance and Complexity So many of our discussions take place on social media platforms where algorithms reward our desire to see and hear our views confirmed. But in life, most situations are nuanced and complicated – acknowledging that can enrich the way that we view the world. For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue. But at sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or grey. At night, midnight blue or black. But imagine for a moment the blue of the sky on a sunny day. Is it really blue? The colour blue has a short wavelength, meaning it scatters more than other colours – making it more visible to the human eye. So the sky looks blue to us humans, even though there's a whole spectrum of colours out there. Even something that seems totally self-evident can be more nuanced than you think. 3. Practise Intellectual Humility One approach to, well, arguing, is to let go of the idea of being "right". Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong. Putting yourself in the other person's shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes. Really try to understand where the other person is coming from. It's what's called "intellectual empathy". It can be challenging, but that's the point. This can only work when both parties are engaging in good faith. Arguing just to waste somebody's time, known online as "sea lioning", not only makes you that guy or girl people avoid at parties, but we are intellectually, socially and politically worse-off for it. 4. Check Your Sources It's more important than ever to know where your information is coming from. That sciency-looking graph about the dangers of feral Dalmatian puppies might look very convincing, until you dig a little deeper and find it was commissioned by fur-coat-coveting Disney villain, Cruella de Vil. Be on the lookout for ulterior motives and vested interests. Becoming literate in the basics of scientific methodology, the use of data and the way it's presented are all weapons in your arsenal when it comes to critical thinking. 5. Avoid Fallacies Whether engaging in online debates or arguing with Uncle Frank, it's very easy to lose our cool and resort to some less-than-sound tactics. One common tactic is what philosophers call, "The Straw Man" fallacy. Instead of engaging with the actual belief, you engage with a caricature. For example, if I said, "I prefer hamsters to gerbils," you might respond, "Oh, so you want to drown all gerbils?" A viewpoint that's much easier to take down. Another fallacy is the "ad hominem fallacy", where you discount an argument because of your opinion of the person making it. This can lead to ad hominem attacks, which is basically Latin for name-calling. In that situation, it's fair to say that everybody loses. Engaging in critical thinking isn't as fun as picking up a pitchfork, or feeling like you're fundamentally right. But in the long run, it leads to a more curious, educated and harmonious society, which ultimately is the biggest win of all. 💡 翻译、词汇表、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

The lethal camouflage of spider-tailed horned viper Seven Worlds, One Planet｜Asia To the west of the Himalayas, in Iran, lie some of the hottest deserts on Earth. This is the Lut Desert. And here, temperatures can reach 70 degrees Celsius. The blisteringly hot rocks and baking sands of Iran's deserts may appear totally lifeless. But a few trees manage to grow in the shade of the canyon walls. And here at least, migrating birds passing through can stop for a little rest. A flycatcher. With luck, there might be a meal of some kind here. There are spiders in the crevices. Not much, but worth having. And there's something moving up there. The bird was mistaken. It was a viper with a lethal bite. This species has only recently been discovered - and so far, it has been found nowhere else but here. Its camouflage is so effective that it's almost impossible to see it on these rocks. And on its tail, movable scales have been modified to look like a spider's legs, and its tip like an abdomen. Migrating birds only appear in this barren desert during a few weeks of the year. This is the snake's only chance to eat for months. A shrike. It has flown here from Africa and hasn't fed for days. Better luck next time. 词汇表 spider-tailed horned viper [ˈspaɪdə(r) teɪld hɔːnd ˈvaɪpə(r)] 蛛尾拟角蝰（分布在伊朗西部，尾巴末端形似蜘蛛，用于诱捕鸟类等猎物） Himalayas [ˌhiməˈleiəz] 喜马拉雅山脉 Iran [ɪˈrɑːn] 伊朗（西亚国家） Lut Desert [luːt ˈdezət] 卢特荒漠（位于伊朗，是世界上最热的地方之一） blisteringly hot [ˈblɪstərɪŋli] 滚烫的，灼热的，酷热的 baking ['beɪkɪŋ] 炙热的，灼热的 lifeless ['laɪfləs] 无生命的，没有生命迹象的 canyon wall ['kænjən] 峡谷壁 migrating birds [ˈmaɪɡreɪtɪŋ] 迁徙的鸟，候鸟 flycatcher [ˈflaɪˌkætʃə(r)] 捕蝇鸟，鹟（善于捕食飞行中的昆虫) spider [ˈspaɪdə(r)] 蜘蛛 crevice ['krevɪs] （岩石上的）裂隙，裂隙 viper [ˈvaɪpə(r)] 蝰蛇（一种毒蛇） lethal bite [ˈliːθl][baɪt] 致命一咬，致命咬伤 camouflage [ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ] 伪装，掩饰；（动物的）保护色；迷彩服 tail [teɪl] 尾巴，尾部 movable [ˈmuːvəb(ə)l] 可移动的，活动的，不固定的 scale [skeɪl]（鱼、蛇等动物的）鳞，鳞片 modify [ˈmɒdɪfaɪ] 演化，改变，改造 abdomen ['æbdəmən] 腹部 barren [ˈbærən] 贫瘠的，荒芜的，不毛的 shrike [ʃraɪk] 伯劳鸟，屠夫鸟（性格凶猛，会将捕获的饵物穿挂在荆刺上） feed [fiːd] 进食，喂食 🌍 更多文本内容、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

UK issues new junk food ad ban to lower childhood obesity An advert will be banned from being put online or played on the television before 9pm if the food item it promotes falls into one of 13 categories, and if analysis of its nutrients, such as salt, fat and sugar, lead to it being classified as less healthy on a government scoring system. The focus on the product, which was set in legislation passed by the last government, means a fast-food chain, for example, would still be free to advertise without restrictions, as long as it didn't show any of its burgers, fries or other less healthy offerings. A spokesperson for the Department for Health and Social Care said the ban was clear – that unhealthy food products, which are excessively high in sugar, fat or salt were covered in the restrictions, but that it did not restrict brands from advertising, provided any products they feature met the conditions set. 词汇表 issue [ˈɪʃuː] 出台，发布，发行 junk food [dʒʌŋk] 垃圾食品，无营养食品 obesity [əʊˈbiːsəti] 肥胖，肥胖症 advert [ˈædvɜː(r)t] 广告 ban [bæn] 禁止；禁令 promote [prəˈməʊt] 宣传，推销（商品） fall into 属于（类别或范围） nutrient [ˈnjuːtriənt] 养分，营养物 be classified as [ˈklæsɪfaɪd] 被分类为，被列为 scoring system ['skɔ:riŋ] 评分系统 legislation [ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃ(ə)n] 立法，法案，法规 fast-food chain 快餐连锁 offering [ˈɒf(ə)rɪŋ]（用于销售的）产品，出售物 spokesperson [ˈspəʊksˌpɜː(r)s(ə)n] 发言人，代言人 Department for Health and Social Care 卫生和社会保障部 excessively [ɪk'sesɪvlɪ] 过量的，过多的 provided [prəˈvaɪdɪd] 假如，只要 feature [ˈfiːtʃə(r)]（在某个内容中）出现，以…为主要组成 🗒️翻译和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

Tidy space, tidy mind? Are you the kind of person who needs a pristine, orderly environment for you to feel relaxed? Or perhaps being surrounded by your clutter is not a big d. eal, it might even bring you comfort. 'Professional organisers', who help people declutter their space, have grown in popularity in recent years, particularly on the internet. But does shedding your possessions always make you happier? Or, does clutter matter? Living in a messy space can have various negative effects on our lives. For example, a study called 'No Place Like Home' by Repetti and Saxbe, found that mothers with messy homes had higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol and an increased depressed mood throughout the day. Messy homes can also make it harder to fall asleep, according to the 2021 study 'The association between sleep and late life hoarding', and no one wants that! So perhaps Marie Kondo, author of 'The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying', was on to something when she said, "tidying can transform your life". To achieve Kondo's style of minimalism, she recommends gathering all your things together, choosing which items 'spark joy' and then discarding the rest. Some may find it invigorating to begin again on a clean slate, while others, particularly extreme hoarders, can find the process anxiety-inducing, because of an attachment to their belongings. Then there are those who simply enjoy collecting. Vintage style expert Kate Beavis has a home filled with handbags, toys, phones and cookware from the 1960s. Others may call this clutter, but she argues that minimalist homes are "boring and bland". Some items may not have a practical use, but instead hold sentimental value, and spark joy in a nostalgic way. And things that "evoke happy memories are valuable, especially to people with memory problems," says Chris Stiff, senior lecturer in psychology at Keele University. Maybe a giant mess isn't all bad. And as Albert Einstein once said, "If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign?" 词汇表 pristine [ˈprɪstiːn] 整洁的，崭新的 orderly [ˈɔː(r)də(r)li] 井然有序的，整齐的 clutter [ˈklʌtə(r)] 杂乱的东西；杂乱 professional organiser [ˈɔːɡənaɪzər] 专业整理师 declutter [di:'klʌtə(r)] 清理，整理 shed [ʃed] 丢弃，去除，摆脱 possession [pə'zeʃ(ə)n] 个人物品，所有物 messy ['mesi] 杂乱的，不整洁的 stress hormone cortisol [ˈhɔː(r)məʊn]['kɔːtɪsɒl] 应激激素皮质醇 depressed mood [dɪ'prest]情绪低落 hoarding [ˈhɔː(r)dɪŋ] 囤积，贮藏 tidy ['taɪdi] 整理，使整洁；整齐的，整洁的 on to something 有道理，发现某事的真相 minimalism [ˈmɪnɪm(ə)lˌɪz(ə)m] 极简主义 spark joy [spɑː(r)k] 带来快乐，激发愉悦感 discard [dɪsˈkɑː(r)d] 丢弃，抛弃 invigorating [ɪnˈvɪɡəˌreɪtɪŋ] 令人充满活力的，精神充沛的 clean slate [sleɪt] 改头换面，崭新的开始 hoarder [hɔ:də] 囤积者，喜欢囤积东西的人 anxiety-inducing [in'dju:siŋ] 引发焦虑的 attachment [ə'tætʃmənt] 依恋，感情依赖 belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] 所有物，物品 vintage style ['vɪntɪdʒ] 复古风格 cookware [ˈkʊkˌweə(r)] 烹饪用具，厨具 bland [blænd] 平淡的，乏味的 sentimental value [ˌsentɪˈment(ə)l] 情感价值 nostalgic [nɒˈstældʒɪk] 怀旧的，令人怀念的 evoke [ɪˈvəʊk] 引起，唤起（感情、记忆等） a giant mess ['dʒaɪənt] 一片杂乱，一团糟 cluttered [ˈklʌtəd] 凌乱的，杂乱的，混乱的 📖 翻译、pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Rage bait: How online anger makes money Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I'm Phil. --And I'm Beth. If you use the internet, and nearly everyone does, you've probably read headlines like this: You won't believe what plastic surgery this celebrity has had done! Known as clickbait, headlines like these are used to grab your attention and make you read more. But now, a new trend called rage bait is spreading across social media. Rage bait is online content designed to make you angry or outraged. In this programme, we'll explore the trend of rage-baiting, and, as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary, all of which you can find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. Great, but first it's time for my question, Beth, which is about the two terms we've been using: 'clickbait' and 'rage bait'. Both contain the word, 'bait', but what is its actual meaning? Is bait: a) a strong feeling of anger? b) food put on a hook to catch fish or animals? c) a piece of computer software? --I am fairly confident that it is b) – food put on a hook. --OK. Well, we'll find out the correct answer later in the programme. Here's how rage bait works: a creator posts a provocative piece of content online, a message maybe, or a video. People see it, feel outraged, and comment angrily. Others see it, like it and share it around. Either way, the content creates interest, increases internet traffic and makes money for the creator. Here's marketing strategist, Andrea Jones, explaining more to Megan Lawton, presenter of BBC World Service programme, Business Daily: The more content they create, the more engagement they get, the more that they get paid. And so they will do anything. Some creators will do anything to get more views because the more views they get, the more that they get paid, even if, even if, those views are negative or inciting rage and anger in people. Andrea, how is rage bait different to clickbait or other online tactics? As a marketer, I'm always, you know, coaching my clients and talking to them about using hooks in their marketing, right? And I think the difference between a hook and rage bait or even its long-lost cousin, clickbait content… When we think about a hook, to me a hook accurately reflects what's in that piece of content and it comes from a place of trust, whereas rage-baiting content is designed to be manipulative. Andrea says the more reaction a post gets, the more money the creator makes, even if the reactions are hateful. She uses the structure, the more one thing happens, the more something else happens, to show that as one thing happens repeatedly, so another thing increases as a result. For example, the more you practise English, the more you'll improve. It doesn't matter that the content is designed to incite outrage – to encourage unpleasant or violent reactions. That's why Andrea thinks rage bait is worse than clickbait. While clickbait is more truthful about its content, rage bait is manipulative, meaning it tries to influence something to its own advantage. So, it's not hard to see why many people think rage bait is toxic. So, if you're wondering why people react in the first place, listen as Dr William Brady explains the psychology behind rage bait to BBC World Service's, Business Daily: If you are an influencer and you want to figure out, 'Well, how do I get more eyeballs on my content?' Well, you need to exploit those biases we have in our psychology because that's the content we'll pay more attention to. In turn that's the content that algorithms will amplify, which ultimately means more advertising revenue. Influencers want more eyeballs on their content – more people to view their website or social media posts – and use human psychology to do it. Psychologically speaking, we all have biases – feelings – which are often unconscious, either for or against a certain idea or group of people. Biases are emotional, and since listening to our emotions has been vital to the evolution of the human species, creators know that provoking our emotions will grab our attention. So, what can be done to combat rage bait? Well, we could all take a moment to think before reacting. And remember that by sharing something outrageous you might be making things worse, while also making the creator richer. OK, Phil, let's reveal the answer to your question. You asked me what 'bait' is. --I did. And the correct answer is b) food put on a hook to catch a fish or an animal, and isn't that what you said, Beth? --It is, yes. --Right again! 📝 完整文本，词汇表，翻译及pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

Do we have a right not to be lonely? | BBC Ideas Long distance sailors, who brave months alone at sea, tend to report that their greatest challenge is the soul-destroying loneliness. We're prone to feeling lonely when we're socially isolated, but we can also feel lonely when we're not isolated, when we're in relationships with people who care about us. So, what is that "terrible loneliness," as philosopher Bertrand Russell puts it, where "one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold, unfathomable, lifeless abyss." Loneliness is the unwelcome feeling that we lack companions, that we have fewer or poorer relationships than we want. Feeling lonely is like feeling pain, thirst and fear. It triggers our "fight or flight" response. In small doses, loneliness can help us. It can prod us to reach out to other people, but when loneliness becomes chronic and acute, it's corrosive. Some of us turn to drugs to deal with loneliness. Some of us join abusive relationships or gangs. It's correlated with health risks such as depression, reduced immunity, and even suicidal behaviour. Studies indicate that young people feel lonely as often as older people do. Even young children can feel deep loneliness. If loneliness is a serious social problem, what do we do about it? Can we have a right not to be lonely? We cannot have a right against feeling lonely, but we could have rights against some of the underlying conditions that tend to cause loneliness. Such as a right not to be persistently socially isolated, including a right not to be left to fend for ourselves when we need help to stay social, like the physically impaired person who needs some help to get out of the house. Although this isn't currently an explicit right in international agreements, arguably it should be, because human rights are about the brute moral minimum that we owe each other as human beings. In addition to talking about rights, we can work individually to alleviate our own and each other's loneliness. There is value in small social connections, like the visit to the doctor, the ride on the bus, and the trip to the grocery shop. We can make it a habit, as writer George Monbiot suggests, to start conversations with people we don't know. These micro-moments of connection aren't just nice, according to social psychologist Barbara Fredrickson, they change us for the better, emotionally and physically. It's like getting exercise. And it goes both ways, our heart's capacity for love obeys the biological law: Use it or lose it. As children's singer Charlotte Diamond puts it: Give four hugs a day - that's the minimum, not the maximum. 词汇表 sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] 水手，海员，乘船者 brave 勇敢面对，冒（风险） soul-destroying [ˈsəʊl dɪˌstrɔɪɪŋ] 毁灭灵魂的，枯燥乏味的，消磨精神的 be prone to [prəʊn] 倾向于，易于 socially isolated [ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd] 与社会隔绝的，社会孤立的 shivering consciousness ['ʃivəriŋ][ˈkɒnʃəsnəs] 颤抖的意识（恐惧、寒冷或紧张等情况下） rim [rɪm] （圆形物的）外缘，边缘 unfathomable [ʌn'fæðəməb(ə)l] 难以理解的，深不可测的 lifeless ['laɪfləs] 毫无生气的，死气沉沉的 abyss [ə'bɪs] 深渊，无底洞；困境 unwelcome [ʌn'welkəm] 讨厌的，令人不适的，不受欢迎的 companion [kəm'pænjən] 同伴，伴侣 "fight or flight" response 战斗或逃跑反应（指在应对压力时，交感神经系统引发的一系列生理变化” in small doses [ˈdəʊsɪz] 适度情况下，小剂量地，少量地 prod [prɒd] 激励，促使，敦促 chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] 长期的，慢性的 acute [əˈkjuːt] 严重的，剧烈的 corrosive [kəˈrəʊsɪv] 腐蚀性的，有害的 abusive relationship [əˈbjuːsɪv] 虐待性关系（指亲密关系中身体、情感或心理上的虐待或控制） gang [ɡæŋ] 帮派，黑帮，团伙 be correlated with [ˈkɒrəˌleɪtɪd] 与……相关 reduced immunity [ri'dju:st][ɪˈmjuːnəti] 免疫力下降 suicidal behaviour [ˌsuːɪˈsaɪd(ə)l] 自杀行为 underlying [ˌʌndə(r)ˈlaɪɪŋ] 根本的，潜在的，隐含的 persistently [pəˈsɪstəntlɪ] 持续地；坚持地，固执地 fend for oneself [fend] 照顾自己，自谋生路 physically impaired ['fɪzɪkli][ɪmˈpeə(r)d] 身体残疾的 explicit [ɪk'splɪsɪt] 明确的，清楚的 international agreement 国际协议 arguably [ˈɑː(r)ɡjuəbli] 可以说，按理 brute [bruːt] 最基本的，纯粹的；原始的，野蛮的 moral minimum [ˈmɒrəl]['mɪnɪməm] 最低道德标准，道德底线 alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt] 减轻，缓解，缓和 grocery shop [ˈɡrəʊsəri] 杂货店 micro-moment [maɪkrəʊ]（极短但颇具重要性的）微瞬间 social psychologist [saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst] 社会心理学家 capacity [kə'pæsəti] 能力，容量，容纳力 biological law [ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l] 生物学定律 use it or lose it 用进废退 maximum ['mæksɪməm] 最大限度，最大量，上限 💡 翻译、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Golden Snub-nosed Monkey: Huddling for Warmth Seven Worlds, One Planet｜Asia Asia's mountains stretch all the way from Afghanistan, across northern India, to here in central China. These are the mountains of Shennongjia, among China's highest. The forests here were, until comparatively recently, the least known in the world. Few outsiders had any idea of what animals might be living in them. There were stories of humanlike monsters - Yetis, Abominable Snowmen - who left strange footprints in the snow, but little else. And indeed, there are monkeys living in these snowy forests - and they're very strange. Meet the blue-faced, golden-coated snub-nosed snow monkey. They are among the heftiest of monkeys. Big animals keep warm more easily than small ones, and they survive in colder conditions than any other monkey on Earth. They all have snub noses. Perhaps prominent ones would only too easily get frostbitten. The whole group huddles together at the slightest opportunity to keep warm. And who wouldn't? Even adults, if they get separated from the group, can freeze to death. Now, in the depths of winter, food is desperately hard to find. The head of the family leads them to the edge of their territory in search of something to eat. The only food here is wretchedly unnourishing - bark, moss and lichen. There's hardly enough to sustain one monkey, let alone a family. But they share it peaceably. Survival depends on the group keeping together. In these mountains, any food is precious. A rival group. They, too, are searching for food. The two males go head-to-head. And now the females join the fray. Outnumbered, the intruders retreat. Their leader is the last to go. The fight was over the smallest of meals, but it was ferocious nonetheless, and the family is now scattered. But they must stay together. The youngest are already badly chilled. She can see her father, but has she the strength to reach him? Back to safety and warmth. The huddle is the only source of warmth in these bleak, frozen forests. 词汇表 golden snub-nosed monkey [ˌsnʌb ˈnəʊzd] 川金丝猴，蓝面猴，仰鼻猴(blue-faced / golden-coated / snub-nosed monkey) stretch [stretʃ] 绵延，伸展，延伸 Afghanistan [æf'ɡænɪstæn] 阿富汗 Shennongjia 神农架（湖北省自然保护林区） comparatively [kəmˈpærətɪvli] 相对地，比较而言 outsider [aʊtˈsaɪdə(r)] 外来者，局外人 humanlike [ˈhjuːmənlaɪk] 类人的，似人类的 Yetis / Abominable Snowman ['jeti][əˈbɒmɪnəb(ə)l][ˈsnəʊmæn] 雪人（据传生活在喜马拉雅山区，形如人类） footprint ['fʊtprɪnt] 足迹，脚印 hefty ['hefti] 庞大的，重的 prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt] 突出的，显著的 frostbite [ˈfrɒs(t)ˌbaɪt] 冻伤，遭受霜冻 huddle together ['hʌd(ə)l]（因恐惧，寒冷等）挤在一起，缩成一团 freeze to death 冻死 territory [ˈterət(ə)ri] 领土，领地，地盘 wretchedly [ˈretʃɪdlɪ] 极其地，可怜地，差劲地 unnourishing [ˌʌnˈnʌrɪʃɪŋ] 无营养的 bark [bɑː(r)k] 树皮；狗叫 moss [mɒs] 苔藓，地衣 lichen [ˈlɪtʃ(ə)n] 地衣，苔藓 sustain [sə'steɪn] 支持，支撑，维持 let alone 更不用说 rival ['raɪv(ə)l] 对手，敌手，竞争者 go head-to-head 正面交锋，直接对抗 fray [freɪ] 吵闹，争吵，争斗 outnumber [ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)] 比…多，数目超过 intruder [ɪnˈtruːdə(r)] 闯入者，入侵者 retreat [rɪˈtriːt] 撤退，退却，后退 ferocious [fəˈrəʊʃəs] 凶猛的，强烈的，激烈的 nonetheless [ˌnʌnðəˈles] 尽管如此，仍然，可是 scattered [ˈskætə(r)d] 分散的，离散的 chilled [tʃɪld] 已冷的，冷硬了的，冷冻的 bleak [bliːk] 荒凉的；阴冷的，寒冷的 🌍 更多文本内容、视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Understanding extreme sports enthusiasts There are two types of people: those who would jump from a plane, hungry to feel the rush of adrenaline in those moments before the parachute opens up, and those who would rather not tempt fate, and instead find pleasure in remaining safely on firm ground, perhaps enjoying a nice view. An extreme sport is one where a small mistake could result in a serious injury, even death. What is it that separates extreme sports enthusiasts from others who prefer to avoid such activities? "There has to be something wrong with them." That's an assumption that many people, including researchers, have historically held. Why else would a person participate in sports such as base jumping and free solo climbing, which are characterised by such high risk? But Eric Brymer, behavioural scientist who studies the psychology of adventure, has met many extreme athletes in his career and challenges the view that they are all reckless thrill-seekers. "Most people were very careful and took years to develop their skills," he said. Many don't even consider their sports risky because they spend so much time minimising risk. In fact, a desire to manage risks was a trait identified in extreme athletes in a 2024 study called 'What factors explain extreme sport participation?'. The authors also found that athletes enjoyed feeling at one with nature and being part of a community of like-minded people. Another theme was a drive to succeed. In this sense, extreme athletes might not differ much from traditional athletes – they are all united in wanting that sense of achievement. Lastly, while many extreme athletes are thrill-seekers, others use extreme sports for emotion regulation. For those who struggle to confront their emotions, extreme sports can provide an outlet. Alex Honnold is the first and currently only person to free solo climb El Capitan, a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, from base to summit. When asked why he free climbs, he said "I'm searching more for that feeling of having done something well and being deeply content – it's more than the quick hit of adrenaline. It's personal." You might not feel the need to free solo climb a massive rock face to feel fulfilled, but the feeling of achieving goals outside of our comfort zone is something many of us can relate to. 词汇表 rush of adrenaline [rʌʃ][əˈdrenəlɪn] 肾上腺素飙升 parachute [ˈpærəˌʃuːt] 降落伞 tempt fate [tempt] 冒不必要的危险，玩命 firm ground [fɜː(r)m] 坚实的地面 extreme sport 极限运动 enthusiast [ɪnˈθjuːziæst] 爱好者，热心者 assumption [ə'sʌmpʃ(ə)n] 假定，假设，臆断 base jumping [beɪs] 定点跳伞，低空跳伞 free solo climbing [ˈsəʊləʊ]['klaɪmɪŋ] 徒手攀登，无保护攀登 behavioural scientist [bɪ'heɪvjərəl] 行为科学家 challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] 质疑，怀疑；挑战 reckless ['rekləs] 不计后果的，鲁莽的 thrill-seeker [ˈθrɪlˌsiːkər] 追求刺激的人，挑战极限的人 risky ['rɪski] 冒险的，危险的，有风险的 minimise ['mɪnɪmaɪz] 降低，使减少到最低限度，最小化 at one with nature 与自然融为一体 like-minded [ˌlaɪkˈmaɪndɪd] 志趣相投的，意见相同的，想法一致的 drive 欲望，驱动力 sense of achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] 成就感 emotion regulation [ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n] 情绪调节 confront [kən'frʌnt] 面对，对抗，处理 outlet [ˈaʊtˌlet]（情绪的）发泄途径，出口 El Capitan [ɛl kæpɪˈtæn] 酋长岩 rock formation [fɔː(r)ˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] 岩层 Yosemite National Park [jəʊˌsemɪti] 优胜美地国家公园（位于加州中部） summit ['sʌmɪt] 山顶，顶峰 content ['kɒntent] 满足的，满意的 massive rock ['mæsɪv] 巨大的岩壁 comfort zone [zəʊn] 舒适区 relate to 领略，认同，发生共鸣 📖 翻译、pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】