Article 490
Where the parties conclude a contract in the form of a written agreement, the contract is formed at the time when the parties all sign, stamp, or put their fingerprints on the memorandum. Prior to signing, stamping, or putting their fingerprints thereon, where one of the parties has already performed the principal obligation and the other party has accepted the performance, the contract is formed at the time of such acceptance.
Where a contract is required to be concluded in writing in accordance with laws or administrative regulations or agreed by the parties and the parties fail to make the contract in writing, if one of the parties has already performed the principal obligation and the other party has accepted the performance, the contract is formed at the time of such acceptance.
第四百九十条 当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自当事人均签名、盖章或者按指印时合同成立。在签名、盖章或者按指印之前，当事人一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受时，该合同成立。
法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定合同应当采用书面形式订立，当事人未采用书面形式但是一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受时，该合同成立。
Article 491
Where the parties conclude a contract in the form of a letter, data message, or the like, and a confirmation letter is required to be signed, the contract is formed when the confirmation letter is signed.
Where the information about goods or services published by a party via information network, such as internet, conforms to the conditions for an offer, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, a contract is formed at the time when the other party chooses such product or service and successfully submits the order.
第四百九十一条 当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同要求签订确认书的，签订确认书时合同成立。
当事人一方通过互联网等信息网络发布的商品或者服务信息符合要约条件的，对方选择该商品或者服务并提交订单成功时合同成立，但是当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 492
The place where an acceptance becomes effective is the place where the contract is formed.
Where a contract is concluded in the form of data message, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the recipient’s principal place of business is the place where the contract is formed; in the absence of a principal place of business, the recipient’s domicile is the place where the contract is formed.
第四百九十二条 承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。
采用数据电文形式订立合同的，收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；没有主营业地的，其住所地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。
Article 493
Where the parties conclude a contract in the form of a memorandum of contract, unless otherwise agreed by them, the place where the contract is finally signed, stemped, or fingerprinted is the place where the contract is formed.
第四百九十三条 当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，最后签名、盖章或者按指印的地点为合同成立的地点，但是当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 494
Where the State issues a State purchase order or a mandatory assignment in accordance with the needs such as emergency and disaster relief, pandemic prevention and control, or the like, the persons of the civil law concerned shall conclude a contract in accordance with the rights and obligations provided by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.
The party that has an obligation to make an offer in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations shall make a reasonable offer in a timely manner.
The party that has an obligation to make an acceptance in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations shall not reject the reasonable request of the other party to conclude a contract.
第四百九十四条 国家根据抢险救灾、疫情防控或者其他需要下达国家订货任务、指令性任务的，有关民事主体之间应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。
依照法律、行政法规的规定负有发出要约义务的当事人，应当及时发出合理的要约。
依照法律、行政法规的规定负有作出承诺义务的当事人，不得拒绝对方合理的订立合同要求。
Article 495
A letter of subscription, letter of order, and letter of reservation, and the like, in which the parties agree to conclude a contract within a certain period of time in the future, constitutes a preliminary contract.
Where one of the parties fails to perform the obligation to conclude a contract agreed in the preliminary contract, the other party may request such party to bear the liability for breach of the preliminary contract.
第四百九十五条 当事人约定在将来一定期限内订立合同的认购书、订购书、预订书等，构成预约合同。
当事人一方不履行预约合同约定的订立合同义务的，对方可以请求其承担预约合同的违约责任。
民法典标准英腔女声朗读Article490～511
15分钟 ·
706·
7
7067
Article 511
Where an agreement between the parties concerning the content of their contract is unclear and such content cannot be determined according to the provisions of the preceding Article, the following provisions shall be applied:
(1) where the quality requirements are not clearly stipulated, the contract shall be performed in accordance with a mandatory national standard, or a recommendatory national standard in the absence of a mandatory national standard, or the standard of the industry in the absence of a recommendatory national standard. In the absence of any national or industrial standards, the contract shall be performed in accordance with the general standard or a specific standard conforming to the purpose of the contract.
(2) where the price or remuneration is not clearly stipulated, the contract shall be performed in accordance with the market price in the place of performance at the time the contract is concluded. Where the government-set or government-guided price shall be applied as required by law, the contract shall be performed on such a price.
第五百一十一条 当事人就有关合同内容约定不明确，依据前条规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：
（一）质量要求不明确的，按照强制性国家标准履行；没有强制性国家标准的，按照推荐性国家标准履行；没有推荐性国家标准的，按照行业标准履行；没有国家标准、行业标准的，按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行。
（二）价款或者报酬不明确的，按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格履行；依法应当执行政府定价或者政府指导价的，依照规定履行。
Where an agreement between the parties concerning the content of their contract is unclear and such content cannot be determined according to the provisions of the preceding Article, the following provisions shall be applied:
(1) where the quality requirements are not clearly stipulated, the contract shall be performed in accordance with a mandatory national standard, or a recommendatory national standard in the absence of a mandatory national standard, or the standard of the industry in the absence of a recommendatory national standard. In the absence of any national or industrial standards, the contract shall be performed in accordance with the general standard or a specific standard conforming to the purpose of the contract.
(2) where the price or remuneration is not clearly stipulated, the contract shall be performed in accordance with the market price in the place of performance at the time the contract is concluded. Where the government-set or government-guided price shall be applied as required by law, the contract shall be performed on such a price.
第五百一十一条 当事人就有关合同内容约定不明确，依据前条规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：
（一）质量要求不明确的，按照强制性国家标准履行；没有强制性国家标准的，按照推荐性国家标准履行；没有推荐性国家标准的，按照行业标准履行；没有国家标准、行业标准的，按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行。
（二）价款或者报酬不明确的，按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格履行；依法应当执行政府定价或者政府指导价的，依照规定履行。
Chapter IV Performance of Contracts
第四章 合同的履行
Article 509
The parties shall fully perform their respective obligations as contracted.
The parties shall comply with the principle of good faith, and perform such obligations as sending notices, rendering assistances, and keeping confidentiality in accordance with the nature and purpose of the contract and the course of dealing .
The parties shall avoid wasting the resources, polluting the environment, or damaging the ecology in the course of performance of the contract.
第五百零九条 当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。
当事人应当遵循诚信原则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。
当事人在履行合同过程中，应当避免浪费资源、污染环境和破坏生态。
Article 510
Where the parties have not agreed on such content as the quality, price or remuneration, or the place of performance, and the like, or the agreement is unclear, after the contract becomes effective, the parties may make a supplementary agreement; where the parties fail to reach a supplementary agreement, such content shall be determined according to the relevant clauses of the contract or the course of dealing.
第五百一十条 合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，按照合同相关条款或者交易习惯确定。
第四章 合同的履行
Article 509
The parties shall fully perform their respective obligations as contracted.
The parties shall comply with the principle of good faith, and perform such obligations as sending notices, rendering assistances, and keeping confidentiality in accordance with the nature and purpose of the contract and the course of dealing .
The parties shall avoid wasting the resources, polluting the environment, or damaging the ecology in the course of performance of the contract.
第五百零九条 当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。
当事人应当遵循诚信原则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。
当事人在履行合同过程中，应当避免浪费资源、污染环境和破坏生态。
Article 510
Where the parties have not agreed on such content as the quality, price or remuneration, or the place of performance, and the like, or the agreement is unclear, after the contract becomes effective, the parties may make a supplementary agreement; where the parties fail to reach a supplementary agreement, such content shall be determined according to the relevant clauses of the contract or the course of dealing.
第五百一十条 合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，按照合同相关条款或者交易习惯确定。
Article 504
Where the legal representative of a legal person or the responsible person of an unincorporated organization concludes a contract ultra vires, such an act is effective and the contract is binding on the legal person or the unincorporated organization unless the other party knows or should have known that the legal representative or the responsible person acts ultra vires,.
第五百零四条 法人的法定代表人或者非法人组织的负责人超越权限订立的合同，除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限外，该代表行为有效，订立的合同对法人或者非法人组织发生效力。
Article 505
Where the parties conclude a contract beyond their scope of business, the validity of the contract shall be determined according to the provisions in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Book One of this Code and this Book, and the contract shall not be determined as invalid solely on the ground that it is beyond their scope of business.
第五百零五条 当事人超越经营范围订立的合同的效力，应当依照本法第一编第六章第三节和本编的有关规定确定，不得仅以超越经营范围确认合同无效。
Article 506
An exculpatory clause in a contract exempting the liability on the following acts are void:
(1) causing physical injury to the other party; or
(2) causing losses to the other party’s property intentionally or due to gross negligence.
第五百零六条 合同中的下列免责条款无效：
（一）造成对方人身损害的；
（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。
Article 507
Where a contract does not take effect, or is void, revoked, or terminated, the validity of a clause concerning dispute resolution shall not be affected.
第五百零七条 合同不生效、无效、被撤销或者终止的，不影响合同中有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。
Article 508
The validity of a contract which is not covered by the provisions in this Book shall be governed by the relevant provisions in Chapter VI of Book One of this Code.
第五百零八条 本编对合同的效力没有规定的，适用本法第一编第六章的有关规定。
Where the legal representative of a legal person or the responsible person of an unincorporated organization concludes a contract ultra vires, such an act is effective and the contract is binding on the legal person or the unincorporated organization unless the other party knows or should have known that the legal representative or the responsible person acts ultra vires,.
第五百零四条 法人的法定代表人或者非法人组织的负责人超越权限订立的合同，除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限外，该代表行为有效，订立的合同对法人或者非法人组织发生效力。
Article 505
Where the parties conclude a contract beyond their scope of business, the validity of the contract shall be determined according to the provisions in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Book One of this Code and this Book, and the contract shall not be determined as invalid solely on the ground that it is beyond their scope of business.
第五百零五条 当事人超越经营范围订立的合同的效力，应当依照本法第一编第六章第三节和本编的有关规定确定，不得仅以超越经营范围确认合同无效。
Article 506
An exculpatory clause in a contract exempting the liability on the following acts are void:
(1) causing physical injury to the other party; or
(2) causing losses to the other party’s property intentionally or due to gross negligence.
第五百零六条 合同中的下列免责条款无效：
（一）造成对方人身损害的；
（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。
Article 507
Where a contract does not take effect, or is void, revoked, or terminated, the validity of a clause concerning dispute resolution shall not be affected.
第五百零七条 合同不生效、无效、被撤销或者终止的，不影响合同中有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。
Article 508
The validity of a contract which is not covered by the provisions in this Book shall be governed by the relevant provisions in Chapter VI of Book One of this Code.
第五百零八条 本编对合同的效力没有规定的，适用本法第一编第六章的有关规定。
Chapter III Effect of Contracts
第三章 合同的效力
Article 502
A contract formed in accordance with law becomes effective upon its formation, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that a contract shall be subject to the approval and other procedures, such provisions shall be followed. Where failure to complete the approval or other procedures is to affect the validity of the contract, the validity of the clauses concerning the performance of an obligation of filing for approval, and the like, and the other relevant clauses in the contract shall not be affected. Where the party obligated to complete application for approval or other procedures fails to do so, the other party may request the former party to bear the liability for breach of such obligation.
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that modification, assignment, or rescission of a contract shall be subject to approval or other procedures, such provisions shall be followed.
第五百零二条 依法成立的合同，自成立时生效，但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同应当办理批准等手续的，依照其规定。未办理批准等手续影响合同生效的，不影响合同中履行报批等义务条款以及相关条款的效力。应当办理申请批准等手续的当事人未履行义务的，对方可以请求其承担违反该义务的责任。
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同的变更、转让、解除等情形应当办理批准等手续的，适用前款规定。
Article 503
Where a person without authority concludes a contract in the name of a principal, and if the principal has already started performing the contractual obligations or accepted the performance of the other party, the contract is deemed ratified.
第五百零三条 无权代理人以被代理人的名义订立合同，被代理人已经开始履行合同义务或者接受相对人履行的，视为对合同的追认。
第三章 合同的效力
Article 502
A contract formed in accordance with law becomes effective upon its formation, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that a contract shall be subject to the approval and other procedures, such provisions shall be followed. Where failure to complete the approval or other procedures is to affect the validity of the contract, the validity of the clauses concerning the performance of an obligation of filing for approval, and the like, and the other relevant clauses in the contract shall not be affected. Where the party obligated to complete application for approval or other procedures fails to do so, the other party may request the former party to bear the liability for breach of such obligation.
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that modification, assignment, or rescission of a contract shall be subject to approval or other procedures, such provisions shall be followed.
第五百零二条 依法成立的合同，自成立时生效，但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同应当办理批准等手续的，依照其规定。未办理批准等手续影响合同生效的，不影响合同中履行报批等义务条款以及相关条款的效力。应当办理申请批准等手续的当事人未履行义务的，对方可以请求其承担违反该义务的责任。
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同的变更、转让、解除等情形应当办理批准等手续的，适用前款规定。
Article 503
Where a person without authority concludes a contract in the name of a principal, and if the principal has already started performing the contractual obligations or accepted the performance of the other party, the contract is deemed ratified.
第五百零三条 无权代理人以被代理人的名义订立合同，被代理人已经开始履行合同义务或者接受相对人履行的，视为对合同的追认。
Article 498
Where a dispute arises over the understanding of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in accordance with its common understanding. Where there are two or more interpretations of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in a manner unfavorable to the party providing the standard clause. Where a standard clause is inconsistent with a non-standard clause, the non-standard clause shall prevail.
第四百九十八条 对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款。
Article 499
Where a rewarder through making a public announcement promises to pay a reward to anyone who has completed a particular act, the person who has completed the act may request the rewarder to pay.
第四百九十九条 悬赏人以公开方式声明对完成特定行为的人支付报酬的，完成该行为的人可以请求其支付。
Article 500
During the course of concluding a contract, the party that falls under any of the following circumstances and causes loss to the other party shall bear the liability for compensation:
(1) under the guise of concluding a contract, engaging in consultation with malicious intention;
(2) intentionally concealing material facts or providing false information concerning the conclusion of the contract; or
(3) conducting any other acts contrary to the principle of good faith.
第五百条 当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任：
（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；
（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；
（三）有其他违背诚信原则的行为。
Article 501
The parties shall not disclose or improperly use the trade secrets or other confidential information that are obtained in the course of concluding a contract, regardless of whether the contract is formed or not. The party that discloses or improperly uses such trade secrets or information and thus causes losses to the other party shall bear the liability for compensation.
第五百零一条 当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密或者其他应当保密的信息，无论合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正当地使用；泄露、不正当地使用该商业秘密或者信息，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Where a dispute arises over the understanding of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in accordance with its common understanding. Where there are two or more interpretations of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in a manner unfavorable to the party providing the standard clause. Where a standard clause is inconsistent with a non-standard clause, the non-standard clause shall prevail.
第四百九十八条 对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款。
Article 499
Where a rewarder through making a public announcement promises to pay a reward to anyone who has completed a particular act, the person who has completed the act may request the rewarder to pay.
第四百九十九条 悬赏人以公开方式声明对完成特定行为的人支付报酬的，完成该行为的人可以请求其支付。
Article 500
During the course of concluding a contract, the party that falls under any of the following circumstances and causes loss to the other party shall bear the liability for compensation:
(1) under the guise of concluding a contract, engaging in consultation with malicious intention;
(2) intentionally concealing material facts or providing false information concerning the conclusion of the contract; or
(3) conducting any other acts contrary to the principle of good faith.
第五百条 当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任：
（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；
（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；
（三）有其他违背诚信原则的行为。
Article 501
The parties shall not disclose or improperly use the trade secrets or other confidential information that are obtained in the course of concluding a contract, regardless of whether the contract is formed or not. The party that discloses or improperly uses such trade secrets or information and thus causes losses to the other party shall bear the liability for compensation.
第五百零一条 当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密或者其他应当保密的信息，无论合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正当地使用；泄露、不正当地使用该商业秘密或者信息，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 496
A standard clause refers to a clause formulated in advance by a party for the purpose of repeated use which has not been negotiated with the other party when concluding the contract.
Upon concluding a contract, where a standard clause is used, the party providing the standard clause shall determine the parties’ rights and obligations in accordance with the principle of fairness, and shall, in a reasonable manner, call the other party's attention to the clause concerning the other party’s major interests and concerns, such as a clause that exempts or alleviates the liability of the party providing the standard clause, and give explanations of such clause upon request of the other party. Where the party providing the standard clause fails to perform the aforementioned obligation of calling attention or giving explanations, thus resulting in the other party’s failure to pay attention to or understand the clause concerning his major interests and concerns, the other party may claim that such clause does not become part of the contract.
第四百九十六条 格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。
采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提示对方注意免除或者减轻其责任等与对方有重大利害关系的条款，按照对方的要求，对该条款予以说明。提供格式条款的一方未履行提示或者说明义务，致使对方没有注意或者理解与其有重大利害关系的条款的，对方可以主张该条款不成为合同的内容。
Article 497
A standard clause is void under any of the following circumstances:
(1) existence of a circumstance under which the clause is void as provided in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Book One and Article 506 of this Code;
(2) the party providing the standard clause unreasonably exempts or alleviates himself from the liability, imposes heavier liability on the other party, or restricts the main rights of the other party; or
(3) the party providing the standard clause deprives the other party of his main rights.
第四百九十七条 有下列情形之一的，该格式条款无效：
（一）具有本法第一编第六章第三节和本法第五百零六条规定的无效情形；
（二）提供格式条款一方不合理地免除或者减轻其责任、加重对方责任、限制对方主要权利；
（三）提供格式条款一方排除对方主要权利。
A standard clause refers to a clause formulated in advance by a party for the purpose of repeated use which has not been negotiated with the other party when concluding the contract.
Upon concluding a contract, where a standard clause is used, the party providing the standard clause shall determine the parties’ rights and obligations in accordance with the principle of fairness, and shall, in a reasonable manner, call the other party's attention to the clause concerning the other party’s major interests and concerns, such as a clause that exempts or alleviates the liability of the party providing the standard clause, and give explanations of such clause upon request of the other party. Where the party providing the standard clause fails to perform the aforementioned obligation of calling attention or giving explanations, thus resulting in the other party’s failure to pay attention to or understand the clause concerning his major interests and concerns, the other party may claim that such clause does not become part of the contract.
第四百九十六条 格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。
采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提示对方注意免除或者减轻其责任等与对方有重大利害关系的条款，按照对方的要求，对该条款予以说明。提供格式条款的一方未履行提示或者说明义务，致使对方没有注意或者理解与其有重大利害关系的条款的，对方可以主张该条款不成为合同的内容。
Article 497
A standard clause is void under any of the following circumstances:
(1) existence of a circumstance under which the clause is void as provided in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Book One and Article 506 of this Code;
(2) the party providing the standard clause unreasonably exempts or alleviates himself from the liability, imposes heavier liability on the other party, or restricts the main rights of the other party; or
(3) the party providing the standard clause deprives the other party of his main rights.
第四百九十七条 有下列情形之一的，该格式条款无效：
（一）具有本法第一编第六章第三节和本法第五百零六条规定的无效情形；
（二）提供格式条款一方不合理地免除或者减轻其责任、加重对方责任、限制对方主要权利；
（三）提供格式条款一方排除对方主要权利。
(4) where the period of performance is not clearly stipulated, the debtor may perform his obligations at any time, and the creditor may request the debtor to perform at any time, provided that he shall give the debtor necessary time for preparation;
(5) where the mode of performance is not clearly stipulated, the contract shall be performed in a manner conducive to realizing the purpose of the contract; and
(6) where the allocation of expenses for performance is not clearly stipulated, the expenses shall be borne by the party performing the obligation; where the expenses for performance are increased owing to the creditor’s reason, the creditor shall bear the increased part of the expenses.
（三）履行地点不明确，给付货币的，在接受货币一方所在地履行；交付不动产的，在不动产所在地履行；其他标的，在履行义务一方所在地履行。
（四）履行期限不明确的，债务人可以随时履行，债权人也可以随时请求履行，但是应当给对方必要的准备时间。
（五）履行方式不明确的，按照有利于实现合同目的的方式履行。
（六）履行费用的负担不明确的，由履行义务一方负担；因债权人原因增加的履行费用，由债权人负担。