民法典标准英腔女声朗读Article587～625

17分钟 ·3个月前

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Article 587
      After a debtor has performed his obligation, the earnest money shall be calculated as part of the price or be refunded. Where a party paying the earnest money fails to perform his obligation or fails to perform it in conformity with the agreement, so that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, he is not entitled to request refund of the earnest money. Where a party receiving the earnest money fails to perform his obligation or fails to perform it in conformity with the agreement, so that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, he shall refund twice the amount of the earnest money to the other party.
      第五百八十七条　债务人履行债务的，定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，致使不能实现合同目的的，无权请求返还定金；收受定金的一方不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，致使不能实现合同目的的，应当双倍返还定金。
Article 588
      Where the parties agree on both liquidated damages and earnest money, when a party defaults, the other party may choose to apply either the clause on the liquidated damages or the clause on the earnest money.
      Where the earnest money is not sufficient to compensate the losses caused by one party’s default, the other party may request compensation for the losses in excess of the amount of the earnest money.
      第五百八十八条　当事人既约定违约金，又约定定金的，一方违约时，对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款。
　　定金不足以弥补一方违约造成的损失的，对方可以请求赔偿超过定金数额的损失。
Article 589
      Where a debtor performs his obligation in accordance with the agreement, and the creditor refuses to accept the performance without just cause, the debtor may request the creditor to compensate for any additional expenses.
      The debtor does not need to pay interests for the period of delay in acceptance by the creditor.
      第五百八十九条　债务人按照约定履行债务，债权人无正当理由拒绝受领的，债务人可以请求债权人赔偿增加的费用。
　　在债权人受领迟延期间，债务人无须支付利息。
Article 590
      Where a party is unable to perform the contract due to force majeure, he shall be exempted from liability in whole or in part according to the impact of the force majeure, unless otherwise provided by law. The party unable to perform the contract due to force majeure shall promptly notify the other party to mitigate the losses that may be caused to the other party, and shall provide proof of the force majeure within a reasonable period of time.
      Where the force majeure occurs after a party’s delay in performance, such party’s default liability shall not be exempted.
      第五百九十条　当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但是法律另有规定的除外。因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并应当在合理期限内提供证明。
　　当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不免除其违约责任。
Article 591
      After a party defaults, the other party shall take appropriate measures to prevent further loss. Where the loss is aggravated due to the failure of taking appropriate measures, no compensation shall be claimed for the aggravated part of the losses.
      The reasonable expenses incurred by a party in preventing the aggravation of the loss shall be borne by the breaching party.
      第五百九十一条　当事人一方违约后，对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大；没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失请求赔偿。
　　当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用，由违约方负担。
Article 592
      Where both parties default, each shall bear corresponding liabilities.
      Where one party’s default causes loss to the other party, and the other party’s fault contributes to the occurrence of such loss, the amount of compensation may be mitigated accordingly.
   第五百九十二条　当事人都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。
　　当事人一方违约造成对方损失，对方对损失的发生有过错的，可以减少相应的损失赔偿额。
Article 593
      A party who breaches a contract due to a third person’s reason shall bear default liability to the other party in accordance with law. The dispute between the breaching party and the third person shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of law or their agreement.
      第五百九十三条　当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约的，应当依法向对方承担违约责任。当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷，依照法律规定或者按照约定处理。
Article 594
      The limitation period for filing a lawsuit or applying for arbitration on a dispute arising from a contract for international sale of goods and a contract for the import and export of technology is four years.
      第五百九十四条　因国际货物买卖合同和技术进出口合同争议提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的时效期间为四年。

Part Two Typical Contracts第二分编典型合同Chapter IX Sales Contracts 第九章买卖合同Article 595

A sales contract is a contract under which a seller transfers his ownership over the subject matter to a buyer who pays the price in return.
第五百九十五条买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。Article 596

A sales contract generally contains clauses specifying the name, quantity, quality, and price of the subject matter, the time period, place, and method of performance, the packaging, the standard and methods for inspection, the mode of settlement, the language used in the contract, the validity thereof, and the like.

第五百九十六条买卖合同的内容一般包括标的物的名称、数量、质量、价款、履行期限、履行地点和方式、包装方式、检验标准和方法、结算方式、合同使用的文字及其效力等条款。

展开Show Notes

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 625
Where, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations or as agreed by the parties, the subject matter shall be recycled after expiration of its valid service life, the seller has the obligation to recycle the subject matter by himself or by an authorized third person.
第六百二十五条依照法律、行政法规的规定或者按照当事人的约定，标的物在有效使用年限届满后应予回收的，出卖人负有自行或者委托第三人对标的物予以回收的义务。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 622
Where a period for inspection agreed by the parties is excessively short, and it is difficult for the buyer to complete a comprehensive inspection within such a period by virtue of the nature of the subject matter and in accordance with the course of dealing, such period shall be deemed only as a period for the buyer to raise objections to the patent defects of the subject matter.
Where an agreed period for inspection or a warranty period for quality guarantee is shorter than the period provided by the relevant laws and administrative regulations,the latter shall prevail.
第六百二十二条当事人约定的检验期限过短，根据标的物的性质和交易习惯，买受人在检验期限内难以完成全面检验的，该期限仅视为买受人对标的物的外观瑕疵提出异议的期限。
　　约定的检验期限或者质量保证期短于法律、行政法规规定期限的，应当以法律、行政法规规定的期限为准。
Article 623
Where the parties have not agreed on an inspection period, and the buyer has signed a delivery note, confirmation slip, or the like document on which the quantity, model, and specifications of the subject matter are stated, the buyer shall be presumed to have inspected the quantity and the patent defects of the subject matter, unless there is sufficient evidence to overturn such a presumption.
第六百二十三条当事人对检验期限未作约定，买受人签收的送货单、确认单等载明标的物数量、型号、规格的，推定买受人已经对数量和外观瑕疵进行检验，但是有相关证据足以推翻的除外。
Article 624
Where a seller delivers a subject matter to a third person according to the instructions given by the buyer, if the inspection standard agreed between the seller and the buyer are inconsistent with that agreed between the buyer and the third person, the inspection standard agreed between the seller and the buyer shall prevail.
第六百二十四条出卖人依照买受人的指示向第三人交付标的物，出卖人和买受人约定的检验标准与买受人和第三人约定的检验标准不一致的，以出卖人和买受人约定的检验标准为准。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 621
Where the parties have agreed on a period for inspection, the buyer shall, within the period for inspection, notify the seller of any inconformity of the subject matter with the agreed quantity or quality. If notice is not given to the seller owing to the buyer’s indolence, the subject matter is deemed to be in conformity with the agreed quantity or quality.
Where the parties have not agreed on a period for inspection, the buyer shall notify the seller of any inconformity of the subject matter with the agreed quantity or quality within a reasonable period of time after he discovers or should have discovered the inconformity. Where the buyer fails to notify the seller within a reasonable period of time or within two years after he takes delivery of the subject matter, the subject matter shall be deemed to be in conformity with the agreed quantity or quality, except that where there is a warranty period within which the quality of the subject matter is guaranteed, the warranty period shall be applied.
Where a seller knows or should have known that the subject matter delivered does not conform to the agreement, the buyer is not subject to the time limit for notification as provided in the preceding two paragraphs.
第六百二十一条当事人约定检验期限的，买受人应当在检验期限内将标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的情形通知出卖人。买受人怠于通知的，视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定。
　　当事人没有约定检验期限的，买受人应当在发现或者应当发现标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的合理期限内通知出卖人。买受人在合理期限内未通知或者自收到标的物之日起二年内未通知出卖人的，视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定；但是，对标的物有质量保证期的，适用质量保证期，不适用该二年的规定。
　　出卖人知道或者应当知道提供的标的物不符合约定的，买受人不受前两款规定的通知时间的限制。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 619
A seller shall deliver the subject matter in compliance with the packaging method as agreed in the contract. Where there is no agreement between the parties on the packaging method or the agreement is unclear, if the packing method cannot be determined according to the provisions of Article 510 of this Code, the subject matter shall be packed in a general way, or, in the absence of a general way, in a manner sufficient to protect the subject matter and conducive to saving resources and protecting the ecological environment.
第六百一十九条出卖人应当按照约定的包装方式交付标的物。对包装方式没有约定或者约定不明确，依据本法第五百一十条的规定仍不能确定的，应当按照通用的方式包装；没有通用方式的，应当采取足以保护标的物且有利于节约资源、保护生态环境的包装方式。
检验。
Article 620
After a buyer receives the subject matter, he shall inspect it within the agreed period for inspection. If there is no agreed period for inspection, the buyer shall inspect it in a timely manner.
第六百二十条买受人收到标的物时应当在约定的检验期限内检验。没有约定检验期限的，应当及时检验。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

rticle 615
A seller shall deliver the subject matter in conformity with the quality requirements as agreed by the parties. Where the seller provides quality specifications of the subject matter, the subject matter delivered shall conform to the specified quality requirements.
第六百一十五条出卖人应当按照约定的质量要求交付标的物。出卖人提供有关标的物质量说明的，交付的标的物应当符合该说明的质量要求。
Article 616
Where there is no agreement between the parties on the quality requirements of the subject matter or the agreement is unclear, if the quality requirements cannot be determined according to the provisions of Article 510 of this Code, the provisions of Subparagraph (1) of Article 511 of this Code shall be applied.
第六百一十六条当事人对标的物的质量要求没有约定或者约定不明确，依据本法第五百一十条的规定仍不能确定的，适用本法第五百一十一条第一项的规定。
Article 617
Where a subject matter delivered by the seller fails to meet the quality requirements, the buyer may request the seller to bear default liability in accordance with the provisions of Article 582 to 584 of this Code.
第六百一十七条出卖人交付的标的物不符合质量要求的，买受人可以依据本法第五百八十二条至第五百八十四条的规定请求承担违约责任。
Article 618
Where the parties agree to alleviate or exempt the seller’s liability for the defects of the subject matter, if the seller, intentionally or by gross negligence, fails to inform the buyer about the defect of the subject matter, he has no right to claim alleviation or exemption of the liability.
第六百一十八条当事人约定减轻或者免除出卖人对标的物瑕疵承担的责任，因出卖人故意或者重大过失不告知买受人标的物瑕疵的，出卖人无权主张减轻或者免除责任。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 609
A seller's failure to deliver the documents and information of the subject matter in accordance with the agreement does not affect the shift of the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter.
第六百零九条出卖人按照约定未交付有关标的物的单证和资料的，不影响标的物毁损、灭失风险的转移。
Article 610
Where a subject matter fails to meet the quality requirements so that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, the buyer may refuse to accept the subject matter or may rescind the contract. Where the buyer refuses to accept the subject matter or rescind the contract, the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the seller.
第六百一十条因标的物不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同。买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担。
Article 611
Where a seller’s performance is not in conformity with the agreement, the assumption of the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter by the buyer does not affect the buyer's right to request the seller to bear default liability.
第六百一十一条标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担的，不影响因出卖人履行义务不符合约定，买受人请求其承担违约责任的权利。
Article 612
A seller has an obligation to guarantee that no third person has any right over the subject matter delivered, unless otherwise provided by law.
第六百一十二条出卖人就交付的标的物，负有保证第三人对该标的物不享有任何权利的义务，但是法律另有规定的除外。
Article 613
Where, at the time a contract is concluded, the buyer knows or should have known that a third person has a right over the subject matter of the contract, the seller shall not assume the obligation provided in the preceding Article.
第六百一十三条买受人订立合同时知道或者应当知道第三人对买卖的标的物享有权利的，出卖人不承担前条规定的义务。
Article 614
Where a buyer has a definite evidence to prove that a third person has a right over the subject matter, he may suspend payment therefor, unless the seller has provided an appropriate bond.
第六百一十四条买受人有确切证据证明第三人对标的物享有权利的，可以中止支付相应的价款，但是出卖人提供适当担保的除外。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 605
Where a subject matter fails to be delivered within the agreed time limit owing to the buyer’s reason, the buyer shall bear the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter from the time he breaches the agreement.
第六百零五条因买受人的原因致使标的物未按照约定的期限交付的，买受人应当自违反约定时起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险。
Article 606
Where a seller sells a subject matter en route that has been consigned to a carrier for transport, unless otherwise ageed by the parties, the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the buyer from the time when the contract is formed.
第六百零六条出卖人出卖交由承运人运输的在途标的物，除当事人另有约定外，毁损、灭失的风险自合同成立时起由买受人承担。
Article 607
A buyer shall bear the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter when the seller has transported the subject matter to the place designated by the buyer and delivered to the carrier in accordance with the agreement.
Where there is no agreement between the parties on the place of delivery or the agreement is unclear, if the subject matter needs to be transported according to Subparagraph (1) of the second paragraph of Article 603 of this Code, the buyer shall bear the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter when the seller consigns the subject matter to the first carrier for transport.
第六百零七条出卖人按照约定将标的物运送至买受人指定地点并交付给承运人后，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担。
　　当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确，依据本法第六百零三条第二款第一项的规定标的物需要运输的，出卖人将标的物交付给第一承运人后，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担。
Article 608
Where a seller has placed the subject matter at the place of delivery in accordance with the agreement or the provisions of Subparagraph (2) of the second paragraph of Article 603 of this Code, if the buyer fails to take delivery thereof in default, the risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the buyer from the time the buyer defaults.
第六百零八条出卖人按照约定或者依据本法第六百零三条第二款第二项的规定将标的物置于交付地点，买受人违反约定没有收取的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险自违反约定时起由买受人承担。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 602
Where there is no agreement between the parties on the time period for delivery or the agreement is unclear, the provisions of Article 510 and Subparagraph (4) of Article 511 of this Code shall be applied.
第六百零二条当事人没有约定标的物的交付期限或者约定不明确的，适用本法第五百一十条、第五百一十一条第四项的规定。
Article 603
A seller shall deliver the subject matter at the agreed place of delivery.
Where there is no agreement between the parties on the place of delivery or the agreement is unclear, if it cannot be determined according to the provisions of Article 510 of this Code, the following provisions shall be applied:
(1) where the subject matter needs to be transported, the seller shall consign it to the first carrier for its delivery to the buyer; and
(2) where the subject matter does not need to be transported, if the seller and the buyer know the location of the subject matter when they conclude the contract, the seller shall deliver the subject matter at the said location; if the location of the subject matter is unknown, the seller shall deliver the subject matter at the seller's place of business at the time when the contract is concluded.
第六百零三条出卖人应当按照约定的地点交付标的物。
当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确，依据本法第五百一十条的规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：
　（一）标的物需要运输的，出卖人应当将标的物交付给第一承运人以运交给买受人；
　（二）标的物不需要运输，出卖人和买受人订立合同时知道标的物在某一地点的，出卖人应当在该地点交付标的物；不知道标的物在某一地点的，应当在出卖人订立合同时的营业地交付标的物。
Article 604
The risks of destruction, damage, or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the seller prior to the delivery and by the buyer after the delivery, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.
第六百零四条标的物毁损、灭失的风险，在标的物交付之前由出卖人承担，交付之后由买受人承担，但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。

ASUKA_13

2026.1.27

Article 597
If the ownership of a subject matter is unable to be transferred owing to the fact that the seller fails to obtain the right of disposal, the buyer may rescind the contract and request the seller to bear default liability.
Where there are laws, administrative regulations prohibiting or restricting the transfer of a subject matter, such provisions shall be followed.
第五百九十七条因出卖人未取得处分权致使标的物所有权不能转移的，买受人可以解除合同并请求出卖人承担违约责任。
　　法律、行政法规禁止或者限制转让的标的物，依照其规定。
Article 598
A seller shall perform its obligation of delivering the subject matter or the documents for taking delivery thereof, and transferring the ownership over the subject matter to the buyer.
第五百九十八条出卖人应当履行向买受人交付标的物或者交付提取标的物的单证，并转移标的物所有权的义务。
Article 599
A seller shall deliver the relevant certificates and information other than the documents for taking delivery of the subject matter to the buyer in accordance with the contract or the course of dealing.
第五百九十九条出卖人应当按照约定或者交易习惯向买受人交付提取标的物单证以外的有关单证和资料。
Article 600
Where a subject matter to be sold involves intellectual property rights, unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties, the intellectual property rights thereof does not belong to the buyer.
第六百条出卖具有知识产权的标的物的，除法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定外，该标的物的知识产权不属于买受人。
Article 601
A seller shall deliver the subject matter at a time as agreed in the contract. Where a time period for delivery is stipulated in the contract, the seller may deliver the subject matter at any time within such period.
第六百零一条出卖人应当按照约定的时间交付标的物。约定交付期限的，出卖人可以在该交付期限内的任何时间交付。

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