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【内容索引】
唐纳德特朗普出台一系列举措，再度推动加征关税。总统威胁将于8月19日对加拿大商品征收50%的关税，以此报复加拿大各省拒不采购美国产品、美方所称的不公平贸易行为。据报道，在现行10%关税政策到期后，他还准备对多国实施新一轮征税。同时他宣布，自2028年8月起，将对仿制药征收百分之一百关税。与此同时，美国与墨西哥谈判代表开启新一轮双边贸易磋商。特朗普拒绝续签美墨加协定；美国正分别与加拿大、墨西哥谈判，谋求修改该协定条款。
OpenAI Uncovers "Unprecedented" AI Agent Hacking Incident / OpenAI曝光AI智能代理自主入侵"前所未有"安全事件
OpenAI uncovered a security breach that involved an AI agent acting by itself to hack into internal data sets belonging to Hugging Face, a startup that hosts machine-learning tools. OpenAI described it as an "unprecedented cyber incident". It involved two models, GPT-5.6 Sol and an even more capable pre-release model, that were being assessed internally for cyber capabilities. The agent "successfully found ways to gain access to secret information that it could use to cheat the evaluation", said OpenAI.
人工智能企业OpenAI披露一起安全漏洞事件，一款自主运行的智能代理程序侵入了机器学习工具初创公司Hugging Face的内部数据集。OpenAI将此次事件描述为"前所未有的网络安全事故"。涉事模型共有两款，分别是用于内部网络能力测评的GPT-5.6 Sol，以及一款性能更强的预发布测试模型。OpenAI表示，该智能代理"成功找到途径获取保密信息，并利用这些信息在测评中作弊"。
Tesla Reports Surprise 17% Drop in Adjusted Profit / 特斯拉调整后净利润意外下滑17%
Tesla reported a surprise 17% decline in adjusted net profit for the second quarter, year on year. Although sales were up the carmaker had offered large discounts to entice customers after last year's slump in sales.
特斯拉公布第二季度调整后净利润同比意外下滑17%。尽管销售额有所上涨，但去年销量低迷后，这家车企推出大幅折扣吸引消费者。
Alphabet's AI Spending Spooks Investors; Apple Nears $5trn Valuation / 字母表AI支出引发担忧，苹果市值逼近5万亿美元
Investors were also displeased with Alphabet's earnings, after it raised its forecast of capital expenditures this year to $195bn-$205bn. Alphabet's stock has fallen recently amid concerns about the amount it is spending on AI. Apple flirted with a stock-market valuation of $5trn, vying with Nvidia as the world's most-valuable company. Some investors that have been spooked by the massive spending on AI at Microsoft, Meta and the like are turning to Apple for stable returns.
字母表公司上调本年度资本支出预期至1950亿至2050亿美元，投资者对其财报表现同样不满。市场担忧字母表在人工智能领域投入过高，其股价近期持续下跌。苹果市值一度逼近5万亿美元，与英伟达角逐全球市值最高企业的宝座。微软、元宇宙等企业在人工智能上巨额投入，令部分投资者心生顾虑，转而买入苹果股票寻求稳定回报。
Goldman Warns Oil Could Hit $120; Brent Above $95 / 高盛警告油价或冲120美元，布伦特已超95美元
Oil prices could climb to $120 a barrel by the end of the year unless there is a swift end to the disruption in the Strait of Hormuz, according to an analysts' note from Goldman Sachs. Brent crude is trading above $95 a barrel, having declined to just above $70 at the end of June. Stocks of crude oil in America's strategic reserve have fallen to 311m barrels, down from 415m in mid-March. Petrol prices in America hit $4 a gallon again this week, after dropping below that benchmark in mid-June.
高盛一份分析师研报称，若霍尔木兹海峡航运受阻的局面无法快速平息，年底国际原油价格或将攀升至每桶120美元。布伦特原油当前交易价高于每桶95美元，该油价在6月末曾跌至70美元出头。美国战略石油储备原油库存已降至3.11亿桶，3月中旬库存为4.15亿桶。美国汽油零售价本周再度突破每加仑4美元，6月中旬该价格曾跌破这一关口。
完整版详见：
经济学人· 商业要闻 | The World this Week
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