第109期：霸道领主，白衣骑士和女装大佬 - 雌鸟挑挑看

流苏鹬雄鸟有三种截然不同的繁殖策略，其中80-95%是独立型雄性， 他们好斗，饰羽华丽；有5-20%的卫星型雄鸟，他们的羽毛白色，和独立雄性混在一起，借机交配；还有大概1%的伪装型雄鸟， 他们是女装大佬，拟态雌鸟偷袭繁殖。这些策略是由11号染色体上约450万碱基对的倒位超级基因决定的。大自然以此证明，成功繁衍的策略不止一种。

从做到右三位男士 - 伪装性雄鸟（女装大佬），卫星型雄鸟（白衣骑士），霸道领主（独立型雄鸟）

哈利波特 - 差点无头的尼克，脖子上那一圈就是Ruff

参考文献：

Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Loveland, J. L., Goymann, W., Tschirren, B., Burke, T., Kempenaers, B., Lank, D. B., & Küpper, C. (2022). Intralocus conflicts associated with a supergene. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1384.

Hill, J., Enbody, E. D., Bi, H., Lamichhaney, S., Lei, W., Chen, J., Wei, C., Liu, Y., Schwochow, D., Younis, S., Widemo, F., & Andersson, L. (2023). Low mutation load in a supergene underpinning alternative male mating strategies in ruff (Calidris pugnax). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40(12), msad224.

Loveland, J. L., Zemella, A., Jovanović, V. M., Möller, G., Sager, C. P., Bastos, B., Dyar, K. A., Fusani, L., Gahr, M., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Goymann, W., Lank, D. B., Tokarz, J., Nowick, K., & Küpper, C. (2025). A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs. Science, 387(6732), 406–412.

Loveland, J. L., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Lank, D. B., Goymann, W., Gahr, M., & Küpper, C. (2021). Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism. Hormones and Behavior, 127, 104877.

Lamichhaney, S., Fan, G., Widemo, F., Gunnarsson, U., Thalmann, D. S., Hoeppner, M. P., Kerje, S., Gustafson, U., Shi, C., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Liang, X., Huang, L., Wang, J., Liang, E., Wu, Q., Lee, S. M.-Y., Xu, X., Höglund, J., Liu, X., & Andersson, L. (2016). Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax). Nature Genetics, 48(1), 84–88.

Campagna L. Supergenes: the genomic architecture of a bird with four sexes. Curr Biol. 2016 Feb 8;26(3):R105-R107. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005. PMID: 26859263.

Maney DL, Merritt JR, Prichard MR, Horton BM, Yi SV. Inside the supergene of the bird with four sexes. Horm Behav. 2020 Nov;126:104850. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850. PMID: 32937166; PMCID: PMC7725849.

BGM：Michael Bolton - When a man loves a woman