No.38 Imitation/模仿：模仿是学习的起点，还是原创的终点？

一、Today’s Vocabulary｜今日词汇

1. 刺绣 · Embroidery

刺绣
cì xiù
Embroidery
/ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/
🇨🇳 用针线在布料上制作图案或装饰的一种手工技艺。
🇬🇧 The art of decorating fabric with patterns or designs using a needle and thread.
💬 Example｜例句
我最近开始学刺绣，发现它比想象中更需要耐心。
I recently started learning embroidery, and it takes much more patience than I expected.

2. 教程 · Tutorial

教程
jiào chéng
Tutorial
/tjuːˈtɔːriəl/
🇨🇳 一步一步教你怎样完成某件事情的内容，可以是视频、文章或现场示范。
🇬🇧 A guide or lesson that teaches you how to do something step by step, often through a video, article, or demonstration.
💬 Example｜例句
现在不会做什么，我的第一反应就是上网找教程。
Whenever I don’t know how to do something, my first instinct is to look for a tutorial online.

3. 见贤思齐 · Learn from Those You Admire

见贤思齐
jiàn xián sī qí
Learn from those you admire / Aspire to emulate the virtuous
🇨🇳 看到优秀的人，不只是羡慕，而是希望向对方学习，让自己也变得更好。
🇬🇧 To see admirable qualities in someone and feel inspired to learn from them and improve yourself.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
“见贤思齐”来自《论语》中的“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也”。这里的“齐”是希望自己达到与贤者相近的境界。
The expression comes from The Analects of Confucius. Rather than simply admiring someone, it emphasizes turning admiration into self-improvement.
💬 Example｜例句
看到比自己优秀的人，你会焦虑、嫉妒，还是见贤思齐？
When you meet someone more accomplished than you, do you feel anxious, jealous, or inspired to learn from them?

4. 晚自习 · Evening Self-Study

晚自习
wǎn zì xí
Evening self-study / Evening study session
/ˈiːvnɪŋ ˌself ˈstʌdi/
🇨🇳 学生晚上在学校集中学习或自己完成作业的时间，在中国的中学尤其常见。
🇬🇧 A scheduled evening period when students stay at school to study independently or do homework, especially common in Chinese secondary schools.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
“晚自习”对很多中国学生来说是一种共同的校园经验，但其他国家的学生未必有完全对应的制度。
For many Chinese students, evening self-study is a shared school experience, while students from other countries may not have an equivalent system.
💬 Example｜例句
我高中最深刻的记忆之一就是每天晚上的晚自习。
One of my strongest memories from high school is our evening self-study sessions.

5. 巴西柔术 · Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

巴西柔术
bā xī róu shù
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ)
/brəˌzɪliən dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː/
🇨🇳 一种强调地面格斗、控制和降服技术的格斗运动。
🇬🇧 A martial art and combat sport focused on grappling, ground fighting, control, and submission techniques.
💬 Example｜例句
我最近认识了一个练巴西柔术的人。
I recently met someone who practices Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

6. 口头禅 · Catchphrase

口头禅
kǒu tóu chán
Catchphrase / Favorite expression
/ˈkætʃfreɪz/
🇨🇳 一个人经常重复使用，以至于别人很容易联想到他的词或句子。
🇬🇧 A word or phrase someone uses so often that it becomes associated with them.
💬 Example｜例句
你有没有自己完全没意识到的口头禅？
Do you have a catchphrase that you don’t even realize you use all the time?

7. 表情包 · Meme / Reaction Image

表情包
biǎo qíng bāo
Meme / Reaction image / Sticker
/miːm/ · /riˈækʃən ˌɪmɪdʒ/ · /ˈstɪkə(r)/
🇨🇳 聊天时用来表达情绪、反应或制造幽默效果的图片、动图或贴纸。
🇬🇧 An image, GIF, or sticker used in online conversations to express emotions, reactions, or humor.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
中文“表情包”的范围很广，并不总等于 meme。聊天软件里的图片更常对应 reaction image 或 sticker。
The Chinese term biaoqingbao is broader than “meme.” Depending on the context, “reaction image” or “sticker” may be more accurate.
💬 Example｜例句
有时候一个表情包比一句话更能表达我的意思。
Sometimes a reaction image expresses what I mean better than words.

8. 出轨 · Cheat on Someone

出轨
chū guǐ
Cheat on someone / Have an affair
/tʃiːt ɒn/ · /hæv ən əˈfeə(r)/
🇨🇳 在恋爱或婚姻关系中违反双方关于忠诚的约定，与其他人发展亲密关系。
🇬🇧 To break the expectation of fidelity in a romantic relationship by becoming romantically or sexually involved with someone else.
💬 Example｜例句
不同的人对什么算“出轨”可能有完全不同的定义。
Different people may have completely different definitions of what counts as cheating.

9. 站在巨人的肩膀上 · Stand on the Shoulders of Giants

站在巨人的肩膀上
zhàn zài jù rén de jiān bǎng shàng
Stand on the shoulders of giants
/stænd ɒn ðə ˈʃəʊldəz əv ˈdʒaɪənts/
🇨🇳 比喻新的知识、发现和创造往往建立在前人的成果之上。
🇬🇧 The idea that new knowledge and discoveries are often built upon the achievements of those who came before us.
💬 Example｜例句
所谓创新，很多时候也是站在巨人的肩膀上继续往前走。
Innovation often means standing on the shoulders of giants and taking the next step.

10. 抄袭 · Plagiarism

抄袭
chāo xí
Plagiarism / Plagiarize
/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ · /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/
🇨🇳 未经适当说明，把他人的文字、观点或创作成果当成自己的。
🇬🇧 Using someone else’s words, ideas, or creative work and presenting them as your own without proper acknowledgment.
💬 Example｜例句
学习、模仿和抄袭之间的界限到底在哪里？
Where do we draw the line between learning, imitation, and plagiarism?

11. 素描 · Sketching

素描
sù miáo
Sketching / Drawing
/ˈsketʃɪŋ/ · /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/
🇨🇳 主要通过线条、明暗和阴影表现物体形态与空间关系的一种绘画方式。
🇬🇧 A form of drawing that uses lines, light, and shading to represent objects, forms, and space.
💬 Example｜例句
我小时候学过一段时间素描，但后来没有坚持下来。
I learned sketching for a while when I was younger, but I didn’t keep it up.

12. 舒适区 · Comfort Zone

舒适区
shū shì qū
Comfort zone
/ˈkʌmfət zəʊn/
🇨🇳 让人觉得熟悉、安全、可控，不需要承担太多压力或风险的状态。
🇬🇧 A situation where you feel safe, familiar, and in control, with relatively little stress or risk.
💬 Example｜例句
我们总说要“走出舒适区”，但待在舒适区真的一定不好吗？
We’re always told to “step outside our comfort zone,” but is staying in it necessarily a bad thing?

13. 东施效颦 · Blind Imitation

东施效颦
dōng shī xiào pín
Blind imitation / Copy without understanding
/ˌblaɪnd ɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
🇨🇳 不理解别人为什么这样做，只模仿表面，最后反而达不到同样的效果。
🇬🇧 Copying someone without understanding why something works for them, often with an unsuccessful or opposite result.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
这个典故讲的是美女西施生病时皱眉，别人仍觉得她很美。东施看到以后也模仿她皱眉，却没有产生同样的效果。后来用来形容只模仿表面，却没有理解背后的原因。
The story tells of the beautiful Xi Shi, whose frown was considered attractive even when she was ill. Dong Shi copied her expression, hoping for the same effect, but failed. The idiom now describes imitating the surface without understanding what makes something work.
💬 Example｜例句
模仿别人可以是学习，但什么时候会变成东施效颦？
Imitation can be a way of learning—but when does it become blind imitation?

14. 典故 · Allusion / Historical Anecdote

典故
diǎn gù
Allusion / Historical anecdote
/əˈluːʒən/ · /hɪˈstɒrɪkəl ˈænɪkdəʊt/
🇨🇳 来自历史、文学、神话等已有故事，并在后来的语言表达中被引用或借用。
🇬🇧 A reference to a well-known historical, literary, or cultural story that carries an established meaning.
💬 Example｜例句
很多中国成语背后都有一个历史故事或典故。
Many Chinese idioms come from historical stories or allusions.

15. 相对的 · Relative

相对的
xiāng duì de
Relative
/ˈrelətɪv/
🇨🇳 不是绝对固定的，而是会随着比较对象、环境或标准发生变化。
🇬🇧 Dependent on context, comparison, or perspective rather than being absolute.
💬 Example｜例句
“好看”和“不好看”可能都是相对的。
What counts as “beautiful” or “unattractive” may be relative.

16. 成语 · Chinese Idiom

成语
chéng yǔ
Chinese idiom / Four-character idiom
/ˈtʃaɪniːz ˈɪdiəm/
🇨🇳 汉语中长期形成的固定表达，通常非常简洁，很多由四个汉字组成，并带有历史或文化背景。
🇬🇧 A fixed Chinese expression, often consisting of four characters and carrying a historical, literary, or cultural meaning.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
“成语”不能简单等同于英语里的 idiom。英语 idiom 往往指 “break the ice” 这样的习惯表达，而很多中文成语还包含特定的历史故事或典故。
Chengyu are not exactly the same as English idioms. Many Chinese chengyu are highly condensed expressions connected to specific historical or literary stories.
💬 Example｜例句
有些成语即使每个字都认识，也不一定能猜出它真正的意思。
Even if you know every character in a Chinese idiom, you may not be able to guess what it actually means.

17. 楚楚可怜 · Delicate and Vulnerable

楚楚可怜
chǔ chǔ kě lián
Delicate and vulnerable / Pitifully charming
🇨🇳 形容一个人看起来柔弱、惹人怜爱，让别人产生同情或保护欲。
🇬🇧 Describes someone who appears delicate and vulnerable in a way that evokes sympathy or a desire to protect them.
💬 Example｜例句
为什么“楚楚可怜”有时候会被认为是一种吸引力？
Why can looking delicate and vulnerable sometimes be seen as attractive?

18. 皱眉头 · Frown

皱眉头
zhòu méi tóu
Frown
/fraʊn/
🇨🇳 把眉毛皱起来，通常表示担心、不满、疑惑、思考或不舒服。
🇬🇧 To bring your eyebrows together, often to show worry, displeasure, confusion, concentration, or discomfort.
💬 Example｜例句
她听到这个答案以后皱了皱眉头。
She frowned when she heard the answer.

19. 审美 · Aesthetic Taste

审美
shěn měi
Aesthetic taste / Sense of beauty
/iːsˈθetɪk teɪst/
🇨🇳 对什么是美、好看、有品位的感知、判断和偏好。
🇬🇧 Our perception and judgment of what is beautiful, attractive, stylish, or tasteful.
💬 Example｜例句
我们的审美到底有多少是自己的，又有多少是学来的？
How much of our aesthetic taste is truly our own, and how much of it is learned?

20. 五禽戏 · Five-Animal Exercises

五禽戏
wǔ qín xì
Five-Animal Exercises / Five-Animal Qigong
🇨🇳 一种中国传统养生运动，通过模仿虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟五种动物的动作进行身体锻炼。
🇬🇧 A traditional Chinese exercise system inspired by the movements of five animals: the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and bird.
🌏 Culture Note｜文化小注
“五禽戏”传统上与古代医者华佗联系在一起。“禽”在这里不是现代汉语中狭义的“鸟”，而是泛指动物。
The Five-Animal Exercises are traditionally associated with the ancient Chinese physician Hua Tuo. Here, 禽 (qín) refers broadly to animals rather than specifically to birds.
💬 Example｜例句
五禽戏很有意思，因为人是在通过模仿动物来锻炼身体。
The Five-Animal Exercises are interesting because people exercise by imitating animals.

22. 孔雀 · Peacock

孔雀
kǒng què
Peacock / Peafowl
/ˈpiːkɒk/ · /ˈpiːfaʊl/
🇨🇳 一种以华丽羽毛闻名的鸟类，雄性尤其以展开巨大的彩色尾羽而著名。
🇬🇧 A bird famous for its spectacular feathers, especially the male with its large, colorful display.
🌏 Language Note｜语言小注
严格来说，peacock 只指雄孔雀，雌孔雀叫 peahen，整个物种统称 peafowl。不过日常英语中 peacock 经常被泛用。
Strictly speaking, a peacock is male, a peahen is female, and peafowl refers to them collectively.
💬 Example｜例句
孔雀为什么会进化出这么夸张的羽毛？
Why did peacocks evolve such extravagant feathers?
🎭 模仿 Imitation

二、参考词汇（Reference vocabulary）

1、核心概念 Core Concepts

模仿
拼音：mó fǎng
English: imitation
/ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn/
模仿者
拼音：mó fǎng zhě
English: imitator
/ˈɪmɪteɪtər/
榜样
拼音：bǎng yàng
English: role model
/ˈroʊl ˌmɑːdl/
学习
拼音：xué xí
English: learning
/ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

✍️ 2、创作与原创 Creativity & Originality

原创
拼音：yuán chuàng
English: originality
/əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/
灵感
拼音：líng gǎn
English: inspiration
/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/
风格
拼音：fēng gé
English: style
/staɪl/
表达
拼音：biǎo dá
English: expression
/ɪkˈspreʃn/

📚 3、学习方式 Learning Processes

照着学
拼音：zhào zhe xué
English: learn by copying
/lɜːrn baɪ ˈkɒpɪɪŋ/
临摹
拼音：lín mó
English: trace / replicate
/treɪs/ ; /ˈreplɪkeɪt/
模版
拼音：mú bǎn
English: template
/ˈtemplət/
练习
拼音：liàn xí
English: practice
/ˈpræktɪs/

😌 4、情绪与心理 Emotions & Psychology

安全感
拼音：ān quán gǎn
English: sense of security
/sens əv sɪˈkjʊərəti/
不安
拼音：bù ān
English: unease
/ʌnˈiːz/
自信
拼音：zì xìn
English: confidence
/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/
焦虑
拼音：jiāo lǜ
English: anxiety
/æŋˈzaɪəti/

🌍 5、社会与文化 Society & Culture

从众
拼音：cóng zhòng
English: conformity
/kənˈfɔːrməti/
融入
拼音：róng rù
English: fit in / integration
/fɪt ɪn/ ; /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/
刻板印象
拼音：kè bǎn yìn xiàng
English: stereotype
/ˈsteriətaɪp/
潮流
拼音：cháo liú
English: trend
/trend/

⚖️ 6、价值判断 Value Judgments（高频讨论）

抄袭
拼音：chāo xí
English: plagiarism
/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/
借鉴
拼音：jiè jiàn
English: draw inspiration from
/drɔː ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn frəm/
边界
拼音：biān jiè
English: boundary
/ˈbaʊndri/
转化
拼音：zhuǎn huà
English: transformation
/ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/

✨ 7、总结用关键词 Wrap-up Keywords

过程
拼音：guò chéng
English: process
/ˈprəʊses/
阶段
拼音：jiē duàn
English: stage
/steɪdʒ/
路径
拼音：lù jìng
English: pathway
/ˈpæθweɪ/
成为自己
拼音：chéng wéi zì jǐ
English: become oneself
/bɪˈkʌm wʌnˈself/