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下午2点视频直播：【一直播】APP关注“英语PK台官方直播号” 微信公众号：【英语PK台】直播后推送中英对照文本 微信视频号：【英语PK台】知识点精华剪辑 B站【英语PK台】课堂知识点精华 主持人微信：goingforgold2018 验证注明添加详细理由 了解今日课堂： 中国老年人网上重新定义衰老 China’s Grandparents Are Done Babysitting and Ready to Go Viral 2022年11月23日 GILLES SABRIÉ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES 第一段 The 65-year-old woman crouches in a field and holds up a head of cabbage. Behind her, two friends sway back and forth, cucumber and radish in their hands. “This rotten cabbage, let’s pull it out, eat it, achieve some foodie freedom,” Guo Yifen, the woman with the cabbage, raps in a low and creaky voice in the song “Spicy Hot Pot Real Rap.” The trio, known as Sister Wang Is Coming, is known for sharing playful videos on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. Ms. Guo and her musical partners, Wang Shuping, 64, and Wang Xiurong, 66, have more than half a million followers who watch their food-related music videos, featuring jams like “Fried Mushrooms” and “Country Food Rap.” The group is part of a growing number of older Chinese who have found viral success sharing their daily lives online. In this corner of the Chinese internet, octogenarians croon, septuagenarians tango and gray-haired fashionistas strut down catwalks and offer makeup tips to millions of fans. There’s even an 86-year-old man who just sits and plays video games like Call of Duty. With more than 260 million residents over 60, China has the largest, and fastest-growing, population of old people in the world. Nearly half are online, where some choose to live out their professional dreams, while others are simply having a little fun. Many find companionship through their fans, an antidote to an otherwise lonely life. They are among a new generation of Chinese retirees who have fewer grandchildren than those before and the financial freedom to pursue hobbies and share their experiences online. The singers, dancers and accidental celebrities are part of a global community of seniors who have embraced the highs, and sometimes lows, of social media. In China, influencers are helping to challenge a particularly entrenched stereotype that grandparents are expected to stay home or help care for their families by cleaning, cooking and looking after their grandchildren while their adult children work. For some retirees, grandchildren aren’t a factor at all, with more young Chinese rejecting marriage or choosing not to start a family. “We look at our parents’ old age and we think, we have to live in a different way,” said Sun Yang, 66. A former English teacher who retired more than a decade ago, Ms. Sun and three of her friends are fashion influencers who go by the name Glamma Beijing. In their videos, they model vintage and modern clothes and weave style tips with everyday advice on life. “What we do now is something we could only dream of when we were young,” she said. Many of Glamma Beijing’s more than two million followers are in their 50s and 60s. But there are younger ones, too, who ask the women about school and dating. Some say the tutorials helped them get over their fear of aging, Ms. Sun said. The Glamma Beijing stars will occasionally feature family in their videos. Ms. Sun’s daughter-in-law manages the social media account, and her 6-year-old granddaughter often helps film. But mostly, the four women talk about traveling, hiking and attending rehearsals for fashion shows. 第二段 Independence is a common theme among many of the influencers’ videos, as they push back against the thought that seniors should stay home in retirement and help raise the next generation. In the music videos by Sister Wang Is Coming, Ms. Guo and her friends run around in fields, playing pranks on one another, or lie in the grass and daydream. They rap about their love of cooking and eating. It’s a world away from the daily routines they once had as mothers and wives with children to raise and husbands to feed. “Times are changing,” said Lin Wei, 67, another Glamma and a former nurse who vowed to stay active in her old age. “We need to keep up with society and integrate into it.” China is facing a host of demographic challenges — including plummeting rates of marriages and a record-low number of births — that have helped change the cultural norms around what growing old means. With one of the lowest retirement ages in the world — the average is 60 for men and 55 for women — Chinese seniors have plenty of time to pursue new creative endeavors online. “For previous generations, their lives were more confined to within the family, watching TV and taking care of children,” said Bei Wu, a professor of global health at New York University. “But now this generation, because they have less grandchild-raising responsibilities, they have more leisure time, their scope of activity is beyond the family, and so the role of their friends and social lives is greater.” For the foodie rapping grannies who live in a village near Beijing, the videos started as a way to pass the time during the pandemic. “It was just having fun and messing around,” said Wang Shuping. When Ms. Wang’s son, Ren Jixin, came to visit over a Lunar New Year holiday, he thought he could help the women polish their act. “We sing out of tune. We are tone deaf,” Ms. Guo said. Mr. Ren, a composer for documentary films, suggested the trio rap instead of sing, and he started writing lyrics for the group. This year, hundreds of thousands of people started to follow their Douyin account. Mr. Ren moved back home and now spends several days a week writing, rehearsing and filming. “It exercises our brain,” Ms. Guo said of the content they create. There’s money in it, too. Through their Douyin account, Sister Wang Is Coming make about $1,400 a month. It’s not enough to live on, but as their fan base grows, they have generated more interest from companies that want to advertise with them. For Glamma Beijing, streaming is much more lucrative. They can make more than $115,000 from advertising and sales commissions with just a handful of livestreams. In one such event in August, the four grandmothers sat by a lake in a Beijing park and talked about their youth as 21,000 people watched online. 第三段 But success can have its challenges. Some older influencers in the country are managed by talent agencies that impose grueling quotas and demand their clients hawk products and brands. Fans can be fickle, and social media platforms like Douyin can bombard users with channels more focused on selling products than telling a good story. When Tang Shikun, 86, started filming himself singing in 2020, a thousand viewers would tune in each session. These days, only about 20 people watch Mr. Tang at any given time. Douyin has told his grandson, Tang Rui, who manages the account, that Mr. Tang’s content is too simple and therefore doesn’t get promoted on the platform. That hasn’t bothered Mr. Tang, who performs under the account name Grandpa Loves Singing. A former munitions inspector at a state-owned factory, Mr. Tang has been retired for 36 years. Music, he said, has given him fulfillment since he moved from northeastern China to the tropical southern province of Hainan in 2019. Mr. Tang, a widower, found it lonely at first living in a new city. “Now I play the keyboard for people on Douyin, and I can get to know all the friends in the world,” he said. There are some regulars in his daily sessions for whom Mr. Tang likes to play their favorite songs. One fan, a 50-year-old contractor who goes by the name “Sunshine” online, likes the traditional Mongolian ballad “The Prairie Has a Blue River.” Another fan, a woman in her 50s from the southwestern province of Yunnan, once asked Mr. Tang’s grandson for his bank account details. She sent him more than $2,000. Mr. Tang said he had made more than $68,000 in tips and donations since he started posting his videos online two years ago. “I play the keyboard and sing happily, and people who listen can also benefit from that happiness,” he said. “I think old people should have their own way of life,” he added, “not sit idle every day, but find their own hobbies to enjoy happiness.”

视频直播：【一直播】APP关注“英语PK台官方直播号” 微信公众号【英语PK台】直播后推送中英对照文本 B站【英语PK台】课堂知识点精华 主持人微信：goingforgold2018验证注明添加详细理由 创新型国家建设成效显著，生态文明建设扎实展开，资源节约和环境保护全面推进。 Notable progresshas been made in making China an innovative country. Solid steps have beentaken to promote ecological p________, and comprehensive progress has been madein resource conservation and environmental protection. 填词：progress 补充：“生态文明建设”官方常用的表达有： ecologicalprogress/improvement conservation. “build anecological civilization” 官方译文中对 “建设”二字的处理通常取“改善、提高、加强、发展、进步”等含义。 以下词组如何翻译？认真做好课堂笔记 *统筹经济建设和国防建设 *加强纪律建设 *抓好党员道德建设 *建设高素质执政骨干队伍 *加强制度建设 *信息化建设 *建设海洋强国 *建设节水型社会 *加快水利建设 *加强防灾减灾体系建设 *民主法制建设迈出新步伐。 *社会主义法治国家建设成绩显著。 *文化建设迈上新台阶。 *社会主义核心价值体系建设深入开展。 *公共文化服务体系建设取得重大进展。 *社会建设取得新进步。 *社会保障体系建设成效显著。 *保障性住房建设加快推进。 *国防和军队建设开创新局面。 *军队革命化现代化正规化建设协调推进、全面加强。 *党的建设全面加强。

下午2点视频直播：【一直播】英语PK台 微信公众号：【英语PK台】推送学习音视频文本及每周课表 微信视频号：【英语PK台】知识点精华剪辑 B站官方：【英语PK台】 直播视频精华剪辑 了解今日课堂： 为什么奥密克戎仍是新冠最主要变异株 Why Omicron Might Stick Around 第一段： Where is Pi? Last year, the World Health Organization began assigning Greek letters to worrying new variants of the coronavirus. The organization started with Alpha and swiftly worked its way through the Greek alphabet in the months that followed. When Omicron arrived in November, it was the 13th named variant in less than a year. But 10 months have passed since Omicron’s debut, and the next letter in line, Pi, has yet to arrive. That does not mean SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes Covid-19, has stopped evolving. But it may have entered a new stage. Last year, more than a dozen ordinary viruses independently transformed into major new public health threats. But now, all of the virus’s most significant variations are descending from a single lineage: Omicron. “Based on what’s being detected at the moment, it’s looking like future SARS-CoV-2 will evolve from Omicron,” said David Robertson, a virologist at the University of Glasgow. It’s also looking like Omicron has a remarkable capacity for more evolution. One of the newest subvariants, called BA.2.75.2, can evade immune responses better than all earlier forms of Omicron. For now, BA.2.75.2 is extremely rare, making up just 0.05 percent of the coronaviruses that have been sequenced worldwide in the past three months. But that was once true of other Omicron subvariants that later came to dominate the world. If BA.2.75.2 becomes widespread this winter, it may blunt the effectiveness of the newly authorized boosters from Moderna and Pfizer. Every time SARS-CoV-2 replicates inside of a cell, it might mutate. On rare occasions, a mutation might help SARS-CoV-2 replicate faster. Or it might help the virus evade antibodies from previous bouts of Covid. Such a beneficial mutation might become more common in a single country before fading away. Or it might take over the world. 第二段 At first, SARS-CoV-2 followed the slow and steady course that scientists had expected based on other coronaviruses. Its evolutionary tree gradually split into branches, each gaining a few mutations. Evolutionary biologists kept track of them with codes that were useful but obscure. No one else paid much attention to the codes, because they made little difference to how sick the viruses made people. But then one lineage, initially known as B.1.1.7, defied expectations. When British scientists discovered it, in December 2020, they were surprised to find it bore a unique sequence of 23 mutations. Those mutations allowed it to spread much faster than other versions of the virus. Within a few months, several other worrying variants came to light around the world — each with its own combination of mutations, each with the potential to spread quickly and cause a surge of deaths. To make it easier to communicate about them, the W.H.O. came up with its Greek system. B.1.1.7 became Alpha. Different variants experienced varying levels of success. Alpha came to dominate the world, whereas Beta took over only in South Africa and a few other countries before petering out. What made the variants even more puzzling was that they arose independently. It’s likely that most of these variants got their mutations by going into hiding. Instead of jumping from one host to another, they created chronic infections in people with weakened immune systems. Unable to mount a strong attack, these victims harbored the virus for months, allowing it to accumulate mutations. When it eventually emerged from its host, the virus had a startling range of new abilities — finding new ways to invade cells, weaken the immune system and evade antibodies. “When it gets out, it’s like an invasive species,” said Ben Murrell, a computational biologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. 第三段 Omicron did particularly well in this genetic lottery, gaining more than 50 new mutations that helped it find new routes into cells and to infect people who had been vaccinated or previously infected. As it spread around the world and caused an unprecedented spike in cases, it drove most other variants to extinction. “The genetic innovations seen in Omicron were far more profound, as if it was a new species rather than just a new strain,” said Darren Martin, a virologist at the University of Cape Town. But it soon became clear that the name “Omicron” hid a complex reality. After the original Omicron virus evolved in the fall of 2021, its descendants split into at least five branches, known as BA.1 through BA.5. Over the next few months, the subvariants took turns rising to dominance. BA.1 went first, but it was soon outcompeted by BA.2. Each one was distinct enough from the others to evade some of the immunity of its predecessors. By this summer, BA.5 was on the rise. But BA.5 could be fading in the rearview mirror by winter, scientists said. Omicron has continued to evolve — likely by sometimes jumping among hosts, and sometimes hiding for months in one of them. BA.2.75.2 is among the newest of Omicron’s grandchildren, identified just last month. It’s also the most evasive Omicron yet, according to Dr. Murrell. In lab experiments, he and his colleagues tested BA.2.75.2 against 13 monoclonal antibodies that are either in clinical use or in development. It evaded all but one of them, bebtelovimab, made by Eli Lilly. There’s no reason to expect that BA.2.75.2 will be the end of the evolutionary line. As immunity builds to previous versions of Omicron, new versions will be able to evolve that can evade it. “I don’t think it’s going to hit a wall in the mutational space,” said Daniel Sheward, a postdoctoral researcher at the Karolinska Institute and co-author on the new study. “This virus still remains largely unpredictable,” he said.