Generative AI and the Nature of Work

本文报道了一项关于六名在上海的乌克兰侨民的多语现象、语言选择和身份构建的研究。 对通过网络民族志观察、半结构化访谈和叙事框架写作收集的数据进行主题分析后发现，乌克兰侨民的语言选择既具有工具性的策略性，又具有社会政治因素的影响；在公共领域，他们构建了“世界公民”和“友善的外国人”的轻度身份；在私人领域，他们构建了“说乌克兰语的乌克兰人”的身份。 为了理解这种看似二元甚至冲突的情况，我们借鉴了“社会锚定”的概念，并提出了“散居人群的语言选择和身份选择”的概念。 这项研究表明，散居身份的建构首先是一个个人主义的过程，表达了他们在寻求心理稳定过程中的情感方面；它也是一种社会实践，表明散居人群在寻求社会稳定方面的策略。 This article reports on a study of multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction of six Ukrainians in Shanghai, China. Thematic analysis of data collected from netnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, and narrative frame writing revealed that the language choice of diasporic Ukrainians is both instrumentally strategic and sociopolitically charged; in the public domain, they construct light “citizen of the world” and “nice foreigner” identities; in the private domain, they construct “Ukrainian who speaks Ukrainian language” identity. To understand this seemingly binary or even conflicted situation, we turn to the concept of “social anchoring” and propose a conceptualization of “diasporic people’s language choice and identity selection.” This study shows that the construction of diasporic identity is, first of all, an individualistic process, articulating the affective aspect in their seeking psychological stability; it is also a social practice indicating diasporic people’s strategies in seeking social stability. 文献来源：Liu, Y., Liu, F., Wang, Z., & Mei, Y. (2024). Multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction: Diasporic Ukrainians in Shanghai. Journal of Sociolinguistics, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12652 AI主播：NotebookLM

随着中国与石油资源丰富的阿拉伯海湾合作委员会国家建立更紧密的经济和地缘政治关系，该地区学习和教授汉语的热情正在高涨。在科威特，虽然汉语作为外语 (CFL) 教育正在兴起，但对这一主题领域的研究仍然很少，特别是在以下问题上：(1) 除了英语和阿拉伯语之外，汉语如何被视为一种就业能力和社会经济流动性的手段，以及 (2) 哪些能力和技能被认为是必不可少的。本研究采用探索性定性设计，从科威特主流媒体收集和分析文献数据，并通过口头访谈和书面调查从科威特一所大学外语中心的 19 名管理人员那里收集和分析叙述数据。结果表明，CFL 教育的兴起受到中国和科威特双边经济合作的强烈影响。据参与者称，科威特学习者投资学习汉语主要是基于他们希望在国内就业市场获得经济利益。管理人员也表现出对 CFL 教育政策的了解有限。这些结果为科威特的教育政策制定者、语言教师和其他参与 CFL 教育的利益相关者提供了见解。还讨论了其意义和未来的研究方向。 As China builds closer economic and geopolitical relations with oil-rich Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council countries, enthusiasm for learning and teaching Chinese is surging in the region. In Kuwait, while Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) education is emerging, research into this topical domain remains scarce, particularly on issues such as (1) how, besides English and Arabic, Chinese is construed as a means of employability and socio-economic mobility, and (2) what competencies and skills are thought to be essential. This study adopted an exploratory qualitative design, collecting and analyzing document data from mainstream Kuwaiti media and narrative data through oral interviews and written surveys from 19 administrators in the foreign language center at a Kuwaiti university. Results demonstrated that the rise of CFL education is strongly influenced by the bilateral economic cooperation between China and Kuwait. According to the participants, Kuwaiti learners invest in learning Chinese mainly based on their hopes to obtain economic benefit in the domestic job market. Administrators also exhibited limited knowledge of CFL education policies. These results provide insights for education policymakers, language instructors, and other stakeholders involved in CFL education in Kuwait. Implications and future research directions are also discussed. 文献来源：Sang, Y., Al-Shammari, A. H., & Al-Hoorie, A. H. (2024). Chinese in the Kuwaiti linguistic market: Language policy and political economy. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.2024.2394148 AI主播：NotebookLM

本文探讨了“政治正确”（PC）标签在反歧视语言运动中的作用。作者认为，将语言变化建议贴上“PC”标签并非只是一种简单的反对策略，它揭示了一场公开辩论，其结果不仅可能损害所谓的“PC”运动，也可能促进它们。“PC”标签的出现标志着语言建议进入公共领域的一个关键时刻，它不是一种立即的改变，而是一个有待更广泛社会接受或拒绝的待定请求。 为了分析“PC”话语中的语言变化，文章提出了一个五阶段的谴责模型。该模型指出，一个最初中性的表达如何逐渐获得负面含义，最终可能成为禁忌。文章以以色列的“Autist”（自闭症患者）一词为例，展示了该词如何从临床术语发展为隐喻和侮辱，并最终（也许是暂时地）成为一种被禁止的禁忌。“Autist”一词在 2019 年引发了一场重大的“PC”辩论，最终导致该词作为侮辱性用语的消失。 作者认为，“PC”标签的出现及其引发的辩论，在推动语言规范的改变方面发挥着重要作用。当语言建议被贴上“PC”标签时，支持该建议的人会将其视为对其身份和价值观的攻击，这往往会导致反击那些抵制语言建议的人。这种冲突最终会通过更广泛的公众参与得到解决，公众要么改变其语言使用，要么拒绝改变。 This article examines the role of the label "PC" (political correctness) in anti-discriminatory language campaigns. The author argues that labeling suggestions for language change as "PC" is not merely a dismissive tactic of opposition, but rather reveals a public debate, the outcome of which may not only harm so-called "PC" campaigns but also promote them. The emergence of the "PC" label represents a pivotal moment where a linguistic suggestion enters the public sphere—not as an immediate change, but as a pending request that must still be accepted or rejected by broader society. The article proposes a five-stage condemnation model for analyzing language change in the PC discourse. The model outlines how an initially neutral expression can gradually acquire negative meanings and may eventually become taboo. Using the expression "Autist" in Israeli public discourse as an example, the article demonstrates how this expression developed from a clinical term into a metaphor and an insult, and eventually (and perhaps temporarily) became a prohibited taboo. The use of "Autist" as an insult triggered a major "PC" debate in 2019, ultimately leading to its disappearance as a derogatory term. The author suggests that the emergence of the "PC" label and the ensuing debate play a significant role in driving changes in language norms. When a linguistic suggestion is labeled "PC," those in favor of the suggestion perceive the label as an attack on their identity and values, which often leads to counterattacks directed at the labelers for their resistance to the linguistic suggestion. This conflict is ultimately resolved through the involvement of the broader public, who either change their use of language or reject the change. 文献来源：Saadon, A. (2024). The discursive role of the label “PC”: Analyzing changes in discriminatory language with the condemnation model. Discourse & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241271489

对于质性研究人员来说，社交媒体提供了一个收集大量多样化内容的新机会，而无需进行侵入性或密集的数据收集程序。然而，对海量社交媒体数据集进行质性分析既繁琐又不切实际。因此，研究人员通常会提取一部分内容进行分析，但目前缺乏一个框架来促进这一过程。本文提出了一个由四个阶段组成的框架来改进提取过程，该框架将数据科学技术的能力（将大型数据集压缩到较小的空间）与质性分析的能力（解决研究问题）相结合。本文以调查澳大利亚推特上关于气候变化的评论主题为例，使用定量（非负矩阵互联因子分解；主题对齐）和质性（主题分析）技术来演示该框架。这种方法对于希望对社交媒体进行质性分析的研究人员，或者希望通过对更广泛的社会背景和意义进行质性分析来补充其定量工作的研究人员非常有用。 For qualitative researchers, social media offers a novel opportunity to harvest a massive and diverse range of content without the need for intrusive or intensive data collection procedures. However, performing a qualitative analysis across a massive social media data set is cumbersome and impractical. Instead, researchers often extract a subset of content to analyze, but a framework to facilitate this process is currently lacking. We present a four-phased framework for improving this extraction process, which blends the capacities of data science techniques to compress large data sets into smaller spaces, with the capabilities of qualitative analysis to address research questions. We demonstrate this framework by investigating the topics of Australian Twitter commentary on climate change, using quantitative (non-negative matrix inter-joint factorization; topic alignment) and qualitative (thematic analysis) techniques. Our approach is useful for researchers seeking to perform qualitative analyses of social media, or researchers wanting to supplement their quantitative work with a qualitative analysis of broader social context and meaning. 文献来源：Andreotta, M., Nugroho, R., Hurlstone, M. J., Boschetti, F., Farrell, S., Walker, I., & Paris, C. (2019). Analyzing social media data: A mixed-methods framework combining computational and qualitative text analysis. Behavior Research Methods, 51(4), 1766–1781. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01202-8 AI主播：NotebookLM

本文探讨了法罗群岛官方旅游局 Visit Faroe Islands (VFI) 如何在其 Facebook 页面上向游客推销法罗群岛。文章以“目的地品牌塑造”为概念，通过语料库分析、扎根理论分类和多模态分析，分析了 VFI 从 2020 年 9 月 1 日至 2021 年 8 月 31 日的 Facebook 帖子。研究 concluded that VFI 通过将法罗群岛未受破坏的自然环境和不可预测的天气转化为旅游商品，向游客承诺独特而真实的体验。法罗群岛的目的地品牌包含了一种便利与不便、可及与不可及之间的二元关系，这既强调了目的地的极端性，又在另一方面减轻了这种极端性。 This article investigates how Visit Faroe Islands (VFI), the official tourist board of the Faroe Islands, brands the destination to tourists on their Facebook page. Using the notion of “destination branding,” the article analyzes VFI’s Facebook posts from 1/9/2020 to 31/8/2021 through corpus-based analysis, grounded theory categorization, and multimodal analysis. The study concludes that VFI promises unique and authentic experiences by turning the Faroe Islands’ unspoiled nature and unpredictable weather into tourist commodities. The Faroese destination brand includes a dichotomous relationship between convenience and inconvenience – between accessibility and inaccessibility – that both emphasize the destination’s extremeness and, on the other hand, mitigate it. 文献来源：Nilsson, H. B. (2024). The commodification of (bad) weather: Destination branding of the Faroe Islands. Language & Communication, 97, 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2024.05.001 AI主播：NotebookLM

随着中国网络平台的兴起，新的网络话语风格和模态日益受到关注。这些话语是使用一系列模态创建的，包括文本、混合语言、图像、视频、表情包和新的符号形式。然而，方言和非标准汉语形式（包括方言或方言）的使用却未得到充分研究；这些可以用作互动中的符号资源，例如创建有趣的内容。本研究通过对三个使用非标准方言（云南、长沙和东北）的幽默视频以及在这些平台上共享的用户生成信息进行仔细的语言和多模态分析，考察了中国式幽默。它发现了一种普遍认可的不协调脚本和映射到社会和家庭主题的本地化形式。最后，通过展示中国人如何创造和享受幽默内容，本研究驳斥了之前的观点，即他们不像非中国人那样幽默。 With the growth of China’s online platforms, increasing attention has been paid to new, online discursive styles and modalities. Such discourses are created using a range of modalities, including text, mixed languages, images, video, memes, and new symbolic forms. Yet what is understudied is the use of vernacular and nonstandard forms of Chinese (including dialects or fangyan); these can be used as a semiotic resource in interaction, such as creating playful content. By conducting a close, linguistic and multimodal analysis of three humorous videos that use a nonstandard vernacular (Yunnan, Changsha, and Dongbei), and the user-generated messages shared on these platforms, this study examines Chinese humor. It finds a universally recognizable script of incongruity and locally situated forms that map onto social and familial themes. Finally, by showing how Chinese people create and enjoy humorous content, this study refutes previous claims that they are not as humorous as non-Chinese people. 文献来源：Sandel, T. L., Wang, Y., & Ming, X. (2024). How vernacular languages create humour on China’s social media: A linguistic and multimodal analysis. International Journal of Multilingualism. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2024.2379550 AI主播：NotebookLM

本研究探讨了青少年社交媒体使用与线下友谊之间的关系。利用对一个挪威出生队列 (n=812) 从 10 岁到 18 岁的纵向数据，我们发现社交媒体使用增加预示着与朋友线下相处的时间增多，但对社交技能的发展没有影响。在社交焦虑症状高的青少年中，社交媒体使用增加与社交技能下降相关。这些发现表明，社交媒体的使用可能不会对青少年的社会发展造成损害，甚至可能促进与朋友的线下互动。 This study examines the relationship between social media use and offline friendships among adolescents. Using longitudinal data from a Norwegian birth cohort (n=812) assessed throughout age 10-18 years, we found that increased social media use predicted more time spent with friends offline, but had no effect on the development of social skills. Increased social media use was associated with decreased social skills among those high in social anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that social media use may not be detrimental to adolescent social development and may even promote offline interaction with friends. 文献来源：Steinsbekk, S., Bjørklund, O., Valkenburg, P., Nesi, J., & Wichstrøm, L. (2024). The new social landscape: Relationships among social media use, social skills, and offline friendships from age 10–18 years. Computers in Human Behavior, 156, 108235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108235 AI主播：NotebookLM

语境崩溃，指不同受众群体在社交媒体平台上的汇聚，给自我展示和印象管理带来了挑战。本研究考察了中国城市地区的微信用户如何通过两种截然不同却又相互交织的方法来应对语境崩溃：语境适应和语境恢复。语境适应是指调整自我展示以适应异质的受众群体，而语境恢复是指通过建立心理、关系、空间和时间边界来主动重建语境。通过对 51 位微信用户的深度访谈，本研究确定了多种用于语境恢复的策略，包括角色进入和退出、过滤、维护多个空间和自我断续。本研究还揭示了用户选择策略背后的关键决策规则，突出了省力化、自我意识和隐私顾虑等个人因素，以及受众异质性和活跃度等受众因素之间的相互作用。研究结果阐明了语境崩溃管理的动态变化，并强调了用户在社交媒体生态系统中塑造其在线体验的能动性。 Context collapse, the merging of diverse audience groups on social media platforms, poses challenges for self-presentation and impression management. This study examines how WeChat users in urban China navigate context collapse through two distinct yet intertwined approaches: context adaptation and context restoration. Context adaptation entails adjusting self-presentation to suit the heterogeneous audience, while context restoration involves actively rebuilding contexts by establishing psychological, relational, spatial, and temporal boundaries. Through in-depth interviews with 51 WeChat users, the study identifies various strategies employed for context restoration, including role entry and exit, filtering, maintaining multiple spaces, and self-discontinuity. The study also reveals the key decision rules behind users' choices of strategies, highlighting the interplay of individual factors such as effort minimization, self-consciousness, and privacy concerns, as well as audience factors such as heterogeneity and activeness. The findings shed light on the dynamics of context collapse management and underscore the agency of users in shaping their online experiences within the social media ecosystem. 文献来源：Li, P., Cho, H., Shen, C., & Kong, H. (2024). From context adaptation to context restoration: Strategies, motivations, and decision rules of managing context collapse on WeChat. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 29(1), zmad043. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad043 AI主播：NotebookLM

本文探讨了 emoji 如何在 TikTok 评论中与语言共同构建意义。它提供了一种社会符号学解读，将 emoji 与文本的关系建模为一种融合系统，涉及三种符号关系：概念一致性、人际共鸣和文本同步性。本文详细分析了一个 TikTok 对口型视频评论区的评论，该视频使用了茱莉娅·吉拉德标志性的厌女症演讲音频。它考察了 emoji 在这些评论中实现氛围关联的作用，用户通过 emoji 分享对 TikTok 创作者的积极评价，并表达对与现代女权主义相关价值观的认同。这项工作基于作者之前对 emoji 在各种社交媒体平台上的社会功能进行的语料库研究。 This paper explores how emoji make meaning with language in TikTok comments. It offers a social semiotic account which models emoji-text relations as a system of convergence, involving three kinds of semiotic relations: ideational concurrence, interpersonal resonance, and textual synchronicity. The paper focuses in detail on the comment feed of a TikTok lip-sync video which uses audio from Julia Gillard’s iconic misogyny speech. It considers the role that emoji pfhgilay in enacting ambient affiliation in these comments, whereby users share positive evaluation of the TikTok Creator and express alignment with values relating to modern feminism. The work is grounded in previous corpus-based studies by the authors of the social functions of emoji across a range of social media platforms. 文献来源：Zappavigna, M., & Logi, L. (2024). How emoji make meaning and enact ambient affiliation: A social semiotic account of emoji-text relations in TikTok comments. Social Semiotics. https://doi/10.1080/10350330.2024.2389520 AI主播：NotebookLM

当学者们拒绝那些自17世纪以来一直支撑着科学发展的可验证方法时，我们应当警觉。当然，艺术和人文学科的学术探索无需遵循科学标准，在这些领域中与科学相关的讨论也不一定要经受严格的检验。然而，当研究进入社会科学领域时，就需要更加谨慎的关注。由于本文讨论的学者们显然认为自己是社会科学家，因此对他们的研究进行科学审查和逻辑分析是完全合理的。本文简要描述了当代的一些研究和研究范式，这些研究特点是：不必要的新词创造、浮夸的术语、模糊的思维，以及在已被充分开垦的领域中声称发现新领域却缺乏令人信服的论证。 Our interest should always be aroused when scholars reject the testable approaches that have underwritten scientific development since the seventeenth century. Academic excursions in the arts and humanities need not adhere to scientific benchmarks, of course, and discussions relevant to science that are presented there need not always be subject to rigorous examination. When investigations move into social-science territory, however, more focused attention is called for. Since the scholars discussed in this paper clearly think of themselves as social scientists, it is quite legitimate to subject their investigations to scientific scrutiny and logical analysis. This article briefly describes contemporary investigations and research paradigms characterized by unnecessary neologisms, flatulent jargon, fuzzy thinking, and unconvincing arguments about the discovery of new territory in well-ploughed ground. 文献原文：Edwards, J. (2022). Deconstructivism, postmodernism and their offspring: Disorders of our time. Sociolinguistica, 36(1–2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1515/soci-2022-0004 AI主播：NotebookLM 文本翻译：Claude 3.5 Sonnet

跨语言知识使社会语言学家能够更好地理解"富有趣味性"的协商，以及语言、文化和符号资源在意义建构中的组合。然而，这种"跨语言嬉戏"的理念不应忽视这种表面嬉戏背后的颠覆性目的：即打破规范和界限。所有这些跨语言嬉戏背后的原因恰恰是这些嬉戏创造者的"不稳定"处境。在本文中，我呼吁社会语言学家更仔细地思考跨语言嬉戏如何与不稳定性相联系，并主张重要的是不要将嬉戏和不稳定性视为二元对立或者光谱的两端，而是要将它们视为相互（重新）构建的共生关系。因此，"不稳定性"的理念比"嬉戏"的表征更值得关注；也就是说，跨语言研究中需要揭示显性=隐性的跨语言不稳定性。 Translingual knowledge allows sociolinguists to appreciate more ‘playful’ negotiation and the assemblages of linguistic, cultural, and semiotic resources for meaning-making. Yet, this very idea of ‘translingual playfulness’ should never lose sight of the subversive purpose of this apparent playfulness: to destabilise norms and boundaries. The reason behind all of this translingual playfulness is precisely the ‘precarious’ positions of the creators of the playful. In this article, I urge sociolinguists to think more carefully about how translingual playfulness may connect to precarity and argue that it is important not to construe playfulness and precarity as dichotomous or even as opposite ends of a spectrum but rather to view them as symbiotically (re)constituting each other. The idea of ‘precarity’, thereby, deserves much more attention than the representation of ‘playfulness’; that is, explicit=implicit translingual precarity needs to be revealed in translingual scholarship. 文献原文：Dovchin, S. (2024). Beyond translingual playfulness: Translingual precarity. Language in Society, 1–28. Doi: 10.1017/S0047404524000708 AI主播：NotebookLM 文稿翻译：Claude 3.5 Sonnet