1.In the year 1919, a virtually unknown German mathematician named Theodor Kaluza suggested a very bold and, in some ways, a very bizarre idea. 在1919年， 一位显为人知名叫“西奥多?卡鲁扎”的德国数学家 提出了一个大胆，甚至有些异乎寻常的猜想。 2.He proposed that our universe might actually have more than the three dimensions that we are all aware of. 他认为在我们的宇宙 可能实际上包含不只三个维度 并非像我们一贯所认为的那样。 3.That is in addition to left, right, back, forth and up, down, Kaluza proposed that there might be additional dimensions of space that for some reason we don't yet see. 除了我们熟悉的左和右，前与后，上跟下外， “卡鲁扎”认为空间里可能包含有额外的维度 只是因为某些特殊原因，我们还无法认知。 4.Now, when someone makes a bold and bizarre idea, sometimes that's all it is -- bold and bizarre, but it has nothing to do with the world around us. 当一个人有了大胆怪异的猜想， 我们通常只会关注其大胆和古怪的部分， 而这部分和我们存在的现实世界是毫无关联的。 5.This particular idea, however -- although we don't yet know whether it's right or wrong, and at the end I'll discuss experiments which, in the next few years, 但是这一次，面对于这个猜想-- 虽然我们还不知道它的正确与否， 之后我会谈谈一些会在未来几年里进行的实验， 6.may tell us whether it's right or wrong -- this idea has had a major impact on physics in the last century and continues to inform a lot of cutting-edge research. 可能会证实它的真伪-- 这个猜想在上个世纪已经给物理学界带来了重大冲击 毫无疑问，它会进一步推动大量前沿学科的研究。 7.So I'd like to tell you something about the story of these extra dimensions. 所以，我想借此机会与你一起探讨一下这些“额外的维度”。 8.So where do we go? 我们从哪里开始好呢？ 9.To begin we need a little bit of back story. Go to 1907. 先让我们谈一些背景知识吧。话说1907年， 10.This is a year when Einstein is basking in the glow of having discovered the special theory of relativity and decides to take on a new project -- 那年“爱因斯坦”已经成功地 发现了狭义相对论 并且正计划开启一个新的课题研究-- 11.to try to understand fully the grand, pervasive force of gravity. 进一步深入地发掘被大家普遍认知的重力的由来。 12.And in that moment, there are many people around who thought that that project had already been resolved. 那时，很多人 认为该课题早已被攻克了。 13.Newton had given the world a theory of gravity in the late 1600s that works well, describes the motion of planets, the motion of the moon and so forth, “牛顿”已经在17世纪末提出了重力理论 该理论可以正确地描述了星球间的运动， 月亮的运动等等， 14.the motion of apocryphal of apples falling from trees, hitting people on the head. 但这个导致苹果坠落的令人质疑的运动， 一直困扰着大家。 15.All of that could be described using Newton's work. 虽然这些运动都可以运用牛顿理论来描述， 16.But Einstein realized that Newton had left something out of the story, because even Newton had written that although he understood how to calculate the effect of gravity, 但是“爱因斯坦”意识到“牛顿”遗留下了一些未解的东西， 甚至“牛顿”本人也提到 虽然他明白如何计算“重力”的影响， 17.he'd been unable to figure out how it really works. 但是他无法真切地了解“重力”究竟是如何工作的。 18.How is it that the Sun, 93 million miles away, somehow it affects the motion of the earth? 为什么距离地球9千3百万英里外的太阳， 可以影响到地球的运动？ 19.How does the Sun reach out across empty inert space and exert influence? 太阳是如何超越空旷无极的宇宙来施展它的魔力？ 20.And that is a task to which Einstein set himself -- to figure out how gravity works. 这恰恰是“爱因斯坦”想探讨地-- 究竟“重力”是从何而来。 21.And let me show you what it is that he found. 让我们来看看他究竟发现了什么。 22.So Einstein found that the medium that transmits gravity is space itself. “爱因斯坦”发现 传递“重力”的媒介其实就是空间本身。 23.The idea goes like this: imagine space is a substrate of all there is. 他的观点是这样的： 想象空间是承载万物的本源。 24.Einstein said space is nice and flat, if there's no matter present. “爱因斯坦”认为在没有任何物质存在的情况下，空间是细致扁平的。 25.But if there is matter in the environment, such as the Sun, it causes the fabric of space to warp, to curve. 但在有物质存在的情况下， 比如说太阳， 它会导致这个类似织布的空间扭曲。 26.And that communicates the force of gravity. 而这导致了“重力”的产生。 27.Even the earth warps space around it. 地球同样会扭曲在它四周的空间。 28.Now look at the moon. 你看月亮。 29.The moon is kept in orbit, according to these ideas, because it rolls along a valley in the curved environment that the sun and the moon and the earth can all create by virtue of their presence. 根据这个想法，月亮之所以能保持在它的轨道上， 是因为它沿着曲面的内测旋转 太阳，地球，月亮间的影响力均是因为它们本身的存在而产生的。 30.We go to a full-frame view of this. 我们来总体看一下。 **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.The earth itself is kept in orbit because it rolls along a valley in the environment that's curved because of the sun's presence. 地球之所以保持在其轨道上 是因为它旋转的曲面是 太阳的存在而产生的。 32.That is this new idea about how gravity actually works. 这是一个崭新的关于“重力”由来的观点。 33.Now, this idea was tested in 1919 through astronomical observations. 随后，这个观点在1919年通过天文观测被肯定。 34.It really works. It describes the data. 这个观点能够正确的解释相关的数据。 35.And this gained Einstein prominence around the world. 这使得“爱因斯坦”在世界上名声大震。 36.And that is what got Kaluza thinking. 而这也促使了“卡鲁扎”去思考。

1.This is the Large Hadron Collider. 这就是大型强子对撞机 2.It's 27 kilometers in circumference; it's the biggest scientific experiment ever attempted. 它周长27公里 是有史以来开展过最大的科学实验 3.Over 10,000 physicists and engineers from 85 countries around the world have come together over several decades to build this machine. 超过10000名物理学家和工程师 来自全球85个国家 共同在几十年的时间里 建造了这部机器 4.What we do is we accelerate protons -- so, hydrogen nuclei -- around 99.999999 percent the speed of light. 我们用它将质子—— 也就是氢原子核—— 的运动速度加到 光速的99.999999% 5.Right? At that speed, they go around that 27 kilometers 11,000 times a second. 了解？以这种速度，他们每秒 环绕27公里的轨道11000次 6.And we collide them with another beam of protons going in the opposite direction. 然后我们使它与另一束 来自相反方向的质子相撞 7.We collide them inside giant detectors. 我们使质子在巨型探测器内对撞 8.They're essentially digital cameras. 探测器基本上就是数码相机 9.And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS. 而这是我所任职的那台，ATLAS 10.You get some sense of the size -- you can just see these EU standard-size people underneath. 你可以得到些尺寸上的概念 你可以看到这些欧洲标准尺寸 的人在那下面 11.(Laughter) You get some sense of the size: 44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter, 7,000 tons. （笑） 你能有点概念：44米长 直径22米，重7000吨。 12.And we re-create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began -- up to 600 million times a second 我们所要重塑的 是宇宙形成十亿分之一秒后的状态 每秒制造大约6亿次这一状态 13.inside that detector -- immense numbers. 在这个探测器内部——天文数字 14.And if you see those metal bits there -- those are huge magnets that bend electrically-charged particles, so it can measure how fast they're traveling. 如果你看到那里的那些小金属块 它们是巨型磁铁，用于弯折 带电粒子 使探测器能够测算出粒子运动的速度 15.This is a picture about a year ago. 这是大概一年前的照片 16.Those magnets are in there. 有那些磁铁在上面 17.And, again, an EU standard-size real person, so you get some sense of the scale. 再一次重申，有一个欧洲标准身高的人 在那里给你一些尺寸上的概念 18.And it's in there that those mini-Big Bangs will be created, sometime in the summer this year. 这就是那些迷你大爆炸将要被批量制造的地方 在今年夏天的时候 19.And actually, this morning, I got an email saying that we've just finished, today, building the last piece of ATLAS. 事实上，今天早晨，我收到一封邮件 说我们今天刚刚完成 建造ATLAS的最后一个环节 20.So as of today, it's finished. I'd like to say that I planned that for TED, but I didn't. So it's been completed as of today. 就是说今天，我们竣工了。我想说 这是我特意为TED安排的 但实际上不是。不过无论怎样，它完成了 21.(Applause) Yeah, it's a wonderful achievement. （鼓掌） 没错，这是项伟大的成就 22.So, you might be asking, "Why? 那，你可能会问，“为什么？ 23.Why create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began?" 为什么要制造那个 宇宙形成十亿分之一秒后的状态？” 24.Well, particle physicists are nothing if not ambitious. 嗯，如果没有野心就当不成粒子物理学家 25.And the aim of particle physics is to understand what everything's made of, and how everything sticks together. 而粒子物理学的目标就是要了解 所有一切是从何而来，又如何组建 26.And by "everything" I mean, of course, me and you, the Earth, the Sun, the hundred billion suns in our galaxy and the hundred billion galaxies 当然，所谓“一切”，我的意思是 我和你，地球，太阳 我们银河系中的几千亿个太阳 和存在在可观测的宇宙中 27.in the observable universe. 的那几千亿个银河系 28.Absolutely everything. 绝对是一切事物 29.Now you might say, "Well, OK, but why not just look at it? 现在你可能会说，“那，好吧，但是干嘛不直接观察它？ 30.You know? If you want to know what I'm made of, let's look at me." 明白么？如果你想知道我是拿什么做的，那我们就来看看我。“ 31.Well, we found that as you look back in time, the universe gets hotter and hotter, denser and denser, and simpler and simpler. 嗯，我们发现，当你回溯时间， 宇宙会越来越热 越来越致密，越来越单一 32.Now, there's no real reason I'm aware of for that, but that seems to be the case. 现今为止我不能告诉你我为什么知道这个 不过事实貌似就是如此 33.So, way back in the early times of the universe, we believe it was very simple and understandable. 所以，回到宇宙形成初期 我们认为它是非常简单易懂的 34.All this complexity, all the way to these wonderful things -- human brains -- are a property of an old and cold and complicated universe. 所有繁复的衍生，所有这些美妙的事物—— 包括人脑——都是 一个古老，苍凉而又精密的宇宙的产物 35.Back at the start, in the first billionth of a second, we believe, or we've observed, it was very simple. 在宇宙的起点，第一个十亿分之一秒 我们相信，或者我们发现，它是非常纯粹的 36.It's almost like ... 这就好像 37.imagine a snowflake in your hand, and you look at it, and it's an incredibly complicated, beautiful object. But as you heat it up, it'll melt into a pool of water, 想象你手里有一片雪花 当你观察它，会发现它是如此精致 如此美丽的事物。但当你散发出热量 它就会融化成一小滩水 38.and you would be able to see that actually it was just made of H20, water. 这时你就能看到其实它不过是 H2O，水形成的 39.So it's in that same sense that we look back in time to understand what the universe is made of. 同样道理可以解释为什么我们从初始状态 开始认知宇宙的形成 40.And as of today, it's made of these things. 如今我们发现，它由这些形成 41.Just 12 particles of matter, stuck together by four forces of nature. 12种物质微粒 在4种自然力的作用下结合在一起 42.The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nuclei in your body. 夸克，这些粉色的东西，是构成质子和中子的粒子 质子和中子组成你身体里的原子核 43.The electron -- the thing that goes around the atomic nucleus -- held around in orbit, by the way, by the electromagnetic force that's carried by this thing, the photon.

1.I don't know what the hell I'm doing here. 我压根儿不明白我到底来这儿干嘛 2.I was born in a Scots Presbyterian ghetto in Canada, and dropped out of high school. I don't own a cell phone, and I paint on paper using gouache, which hasn't changed in 600 years. 我出生在加拿大一个苏格兰长老会（基督教）贫民窟 高中就辍学了。我没有手机。 另外，我用水粉在纸上画画，这工艺六百年来都没变过 3.But about three years ago I had an art show in New York, and I titled it "Serious Nonsense." 但是，三年前，我在纽约有个画展。 我管它叫“严肃的胡说”（正经不着调） 4.So I think I'm actually the first one here -- I lead. 所以我觉得我其实在这儿算第一人——我是始作俑者 5.I called it serious nonsense because on the serious side, I use a technique of painstaking realism of editorial illustration from when I was a kid. I copied it and I never unlearned it -- 我叫它“严肃的胡说”，因为从严肃的一面来说， 我用一种细致的现实主义手法进行社论式地描绘 是我还小的时候学的，我反复使用它，从没放弃过。 6.it's the only style I know. And it's very kind of staid and formal. 这是我知道的唯一一种画风。它是很保守很正统的。 7.And meanwhile, I use nonsense, as you can see. 与此同时呢，你发现，我也用了“胡说” 8.This is a Scottish castle where people are playing golf indoors, and the trick was to bang the golf ball off a suits of armor -- which you can't see there. 这是一座苏格兰城堡，人们在里面玩高尔夫 规则是要把高尔夫球从一身中世纪铠甲上打下来 你们在那儿可能看不太清 9.This was one of a series called "Zany Afternoons," which became a book. 这是我的系列图画“滑稽下午”中的一幅，后来出了书 10.This is a home-built rocket-propelled car. That's a 1953 Henry J -- I'm a bug for authenticity -- in a quiet neighborhood in Toledo. 这叫家装（土制）火箭推进车。这是辆1953年产的亨利J 在拖雷多一个安静的社区中——我重视本真性 11.This is my submission for the L.A. Museum of Film. 这幅是我提交的洛杉矶电影博物馆设计图 12.You can probably tell Frank Gehry and I come from the same town. 你都能看出来，我和弗兰克 盖里（著名建筑师）是从一个地方来的。 13.My work is so personal and so strange that I have to invent my own lexicon for it. 我的作品很个性化很奇特 所以我不得不为它发明新的词汇 14.And I work a lot in what I call retrofuturism, which is looking back to see how yesterday viewed tomorrow. 我创作了很多，我称之为“复古未来主义” 就是回顾一下昨天是怎么看明天的 15.And they're always wrong, always hilariously, optimistically wrong. 他们总是犯错，总是以很搞笑、乐观地方式犯着错 16.And the peak time for that was the '30s, because the Depression was so dismal that anything to get away from the present into the future, 最高潮的时间是三十年代 因为大萧条太凄凉了 任何东西只要能把大家从现在带进未来（就行） 17.and technology was going to carry us along. 科技就是这样的东西 18.This is Popular Workbench. Popular science magazines in those days -- I had a huge collection of them from the '30s -- all they are just poor people being asked to make sunglasses 这是本《大众工作间》，一本当时很流行的科学杂志， 我收集了很多这样的三十年代的杂志 这些可怜的人，就像叫他们用晾衣架的铁丝来造墨镜一样 19.out of wire coat hangers, and everything improvised and dreaming about these wonderful giant radio robots playing ice hockey at 300 miles an hour -- 都是即兴创作 梦想着这些神奇的巨大的无线电机器人 以每小时300英里的时速玩儿着冰球 20.it’s all going to happen, it’s all going to be wonderful. 都会实现的，都会变得妙极了 21.Automotive retrofuturism is one of my specialties. 机动类复古未来主义是我的特长之一 22.I was both an automobile illustrator and an advertising automobile copywriter, so I have a lot of revenge to take on the subject. 因为我既是一个汽车插画画家，又是一个汽车广告文案 所以对这个主题我有点儿报复性心理 23.Detroit has always been halfway into the future -- the advertising half -- this is the '58 Bulgemobile: so new, they make tomorrow look like yesterday. 底特律总是已经有一只脚踏进未来了——广告中的那只脚—— 这是58年的Bulgemobile车：多新，他们让明天看上去像昨天 24.This is a chain gang of guys admiring the car. 这是一票爱车族在膜拜这辆车。 25.That's from a whole catalog -- it's 18 pages or so -- ran back in the days of the Lampoon, where I cut my teeth. 那是从一整本目录册里来的，有差不多18页 回到我在《国家讽刺周刊》的日子，我那时候还把牙给磕了 26.Techno-archaeology is digging back and finding past miracles that never happened -- for good reason usually. 科技-考古的意思是说挖掘以前，找寻过去从未发生过的奇迹 当然通常是出于善意的。 27.The zeppelin -- this was from a brochure about the zeppelin based, obviously, on the Hindenburg. 齐柏林飞艇 - 这是从一个关于飞艇的小册子上来的 很显然，是取材于“兴登堡号” 28.But the zeppelin was the biggest thing that ever moved made by man. 飞艇是人类创造的会动的最大玩意儿 29.And it carried 56 people at the speed of a Buick at an altitude you could hear dogs bark, and it cost twice as much as a first-class cabin on the Normandie to fly it. 它能载56人，速度和一辆别克差不多，飞行高度能让你听见狗叫 另外想坐它飞，要比坐巨轮“诺曼底号”的头等舱还贵两倍 30.So the Hindenburg wasn't, you know, it was inevitable it was going to go. 所以“兴登堡号”（惨剧）不是，你知道，它是不可避免，必将发生的。 **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.This is auto-gyro jousting in Malibu in the '30s. 这是1930年马里布的自转旋翼机长枪比武大赛 32.The auto-gyro couldn't wait for the invention of the helicopter, but it should have -- it wasn't a big success. 这个旋翼机还没等到直升飞机的发明， 但是它应该等等——它不是个巨大的成功 33.It's the only Spanish innovation, technologically, of the 20th century, by the way. 这是西班牙唯一的发明，科技类的，20世纪里，题外话 34.You needed to know that. 你要知道 35.The flying car which never got off the ground -- it was a post-war dream. 飞车从没离开过地面——算是后二战时代的一个梦吧 36.My old man used to tell me we were going to get a flying car. 我老爸曾经告诉我，我们将来会有一辆飞车

1.What I'm going to try to do is explain to you quickly, how to predict, and illustrate it with some predictions about what Iran is going to do in the next couple of years. 我将很快的向大家解释一下 我们怎样预测未来 并且向大家展示一下 我们对未来几年伊朗局势所做出的一些预测 2.In order to predict effectively, we need to use science. 为了做出准确的预测 我们需要利用科学 3.And the reason that we need to use science is because then we can reproduce what we're doing, it's not just wisdom or guesswork. 而利用科学的原因是 我们可以重复验证所得到的结果 这就不是智者的预言或者瞎猜 4.And if we can predict, then we can engineer the future. 如果我们可以预测未来 我们就可以操纵未来 5.So if you are concerned to influence energy policy, or you are concerned to influence national security policy, or health policy, or education, 换言之，当你想去左右国家能源政策的时候 或者，当你想去影响国防政策 医疗政策或教育政策的时候 6.science, and a particular branch of science is a way to do it, not the way we've been doing it, which is seat of the pants wisdom. 科学，其中一门科学将会为你指明未来 并不是靠我们所使用的方法 凭借经验或直觉去预言 7.Now before I get into how to do it let me give you a little truth in advertising, because I'm not engaged in the business of magic, 现在，在我进入主题之前 我先给大家一些事先声明， 我不是算命的 8.there are lots of thing that the approach I take can predict, and there are some that it can't. 有一些东西我可以预测 有一些我不能 9.It can predict complex negotiations or situations involving coercion, that is in essence everything that has to do with politics, much of what has to do with business, 我可以预测一些大型谈判 牵涉强制力的一些情景 总的来说，那就是所有和政治有关的事情 也包括一部份商业方面的 10.but sorry, if you're looking to speculate in the stock market, I don't predict stock markets -- OK, it's not going up any time really soon. 但如果你想在股市抄底，那实在不好意思 我确实不能预测股票市场，不过，好吧 反正最近是绝对不可能涨上去的 11.But I'm not engaged in doing that. 但那是我不会预测的 12.I'm not engaged in predicting random number generators, I actually get phone calls from people who want to know what lottery numbers are going to win. 我也不会去预测随机生成的数字 有人曾今打电话问我 下期中奖彩票号码是多少 13.I don't have a clue. 那我爱莫能助。 14.I engage in the use of game theory, game theory is a branch of mathematics and that means, sorry, that even in the study of politics, 我所研究的是博弈论的应用，博弈论是数学的一个分支 也就是说，对不起（文科生们），数学已经进入了 15.math has come into the picture. 政治学的研究领域 16.We can no longer pretend that we just speculate about politics, we need to look at this in a rigorous way. 我们现在不能被动的盲目的去推测政治 我们应该采取科学严谨的方法。 17.Now, what is game theory about? 那，到底什么是博弈论? 18.It assumes that people are looking out for what's good for them. 博弈论有一个假设，那就是人人为己 19.That doesn't seem terribly shocking -- although it's controversial for a lot of people -- that we are self-interested. 这并不是一个让人吃惊的假设 尽管有很多人认为人人都是自私自利 是有争议的命题 20.In order to look out for what's best for them or what they think is best for them, people have values -- they identify what they want, and what they don't want. 为了设法得到对自己最好的东西 或者是他们所认定的对自己最好的东西 人们会通过他们不同的价值观，来识别他们所想要的和所憎恨的 21.And they have beliefs about what other people want, and what other people don't want, how much power other people have, how much those people could get in the way of whatever it is that you want. 而且，他们对别人想要什么，不想要什么 别人有多少势力，他们能拿走多少你想要的 保留他们自己的观点 22.And they face limitations, constraints, they may be weak, they may be located in the wrong part of the world, they may be Einstein, stuck away farming 他们会遇到一些条件限制，约束 也许他们十分的不起眼，也许他们在不应在的一些地方 他们可能是爱因斯坦，但是被可能被困在 23.someplace in a rural village in India not being noticed, as was the case for Ramanujan for a long time, a great mathematician but nobody noticed. 印度的某个村落在种田 就像拉马努金一样 一个很少人关注的印度天才数学家 24.Now who is rational? 那，谁是理性的 25.A lot of people are worried about what is rationality about? 很多人都在冥想到底什么是理性的 26.People are rational. 人人都是理性的 27.Mother Theresa, she was rational. 特蕾莎修女，她是理性的 28.Terrorists, they're rational. 恐怖分子，他们也是理性 29.Pretty much everybody is rational. 绝大多数人都是理性的 30.I think there are only two exceptions that I'm aware of -- two-year-olds, they are not rational, they have very fickle preferences, 我只知道两种例外情况 两岁大的孩子，他们不是理性的 他们想要的东西随时都在变 31.they switch what they think all the time, and schizophrenics are probably not rational, but pretty much everybody else is rational. 他们的思维方式也在不停的变化 精神分裂症患者也不是理性的 但除了以上两者以外，其他所有人都是理性的 32.That is, they are just trying to do what they think is in their own best interest. 所谓理性，那就是人们试着去做 他们认为对他们自己最有利的事情 33.Now in order to work out what people are going to do to pursue their interests, we have to think about who has influence in the world. 现在，为了预测人们将要做什么 来获取他们的个人利益 我们研究那些有影响力的人物 34.If you're trying to influence corporations to change their behavior, with regard to producing pollutants, one approach, the common approach, 如果，你想去左右一些企业的行为 例如，减少他们污染物的排放量 有一个方法，一种常见的方法 35.is to exhort them to be better, to explain to them what damage they're doing to the planet. 那就是给他们一些忠告 告诉他们这些污染物正在破坏我们的地球 36.And many of you may have noticed that doesn't have as big an effect, as perhaps you would like it to have, but if you show them that it's in their interest 你会发现这些手段的效果 并没有你所想象中的那么大 但是，如果你告诉他们环保符合他们的利益 37.then they're responsive.

1.Back in 1992, I started working for a company called Interval Research, which was just then being founded by David Lidell and Paul Allen 一九九二年，我开始在一家叫做Interval Research 的公司工作， 那间公司当时刚刚成立， 是由大卫李德尔和保尔艾伦 2.as a for-profit research enterprise in Silicon Valley. 创办的一家坐落于硅谷的盈利性研究机构。 3.I met with David to talk about what I might do in his company. 我和大卫见面 探讨我在他的公司要做些什么。 4.I was just coming out of a failed virtual reality business and supporting my self by being on the speaking circuit and writing books 我当时刚刚从一个失败的网络生意（虚拟现实）中走出来， 正以教学工作和 写书来谋生 5.after 20 years or so in the computer game industry having ideas that people didn't think they could sell. 在从事电脑游戏行业二十年之后， 我有些想法，虽然很多人都认为没有市场。 6.And David and I discovered that we had a question in common, that we really wanted the answer to, and that was, "Why hasn't anybody built any computer games for little girls?" 大卫和我发现， 我们有一个共同的疑问 并且是我们确实很想知道的 那就是 “为什么还沒有人为女孩子们设计制作游戏？” 7.Why is that? 为什么会那样呢？ 8.It can't just be a giant sexist conspiracy. 这不可能仅是一个巨大的性别歧视的阴谋。 9.These people aren't that smart. 这些人沒有那么聪明。 10.There's six billion dollars on the table. 譬如说有六百万放在桌上， 11.They would go for it if they could figure out how. 人们如果想出办法的话就一定会去得到它。 12.So, what is the deal here? 那么，问题的症结在哪里？ 13.And as we thought about our goals -- I should say that Interval is really a humanistic institution in the classical sense that humanism, at its best, 正如我们想到的目标-- 我想说Interval在传统经典意义上 真的是一个人性化的机构， 人文主义，最佳的就是， 14.finds a way to combine clear-eyed empirical research with a set of core values that fundamentally love and respect people. 找到一种能结合清晰的经验研究 和一套核心价值观， 基于爱和尊重人本身的方法。 15.The basic idea of humanism is the improvable quality of life, that we can do good things, that there are things worth doing because they're good things to do 人文主义的基本概念， 是提高生活质量， 让我们能够做一些善事， 值得去做的一些事情， 因为它们是好的事情。 16.and that clear-eyed empiricism can help us figure out how to do them. 而且清晰的经验主义 能够帮助我们解决如何去完成那些事情。 17.So, contrary to popular belief, there is not a conflict of interest between empiricism and values. 那么，与流行信仰相反， 在经验论与价值间並沒有利益矛盾。 18.And Interval Research is kind of the living example of how that can be true. Interval Research公司就是 这两者结合与协调的活生生的例子， 19.So David and I decided to go find out, through the best research we could muster, what it would take to get a little girl to put her hands on a computer. 大卫和我決定以我们能够做的 最好的研究去寻找（答案）： 什么可以令一个小女孩 将她的双手放到电脑上， 20.to achieve the level of comfort and ease with the technology that little boys have because they play video games. 去体会科技带來的舒适和放松， 而这些正是男孩子们玩游戏时获得的感觉。 21.We spent two and a half years conducting research; we spent another year and a half in advance development. 我们花费了两年半的时间进行研究 然后用另外一年半的时间进行深层开发。 22.Then we formed a spin-off company. 之后我们成立了一家子公司。 23.And the research phase of the project at Interval, we partnered with a company called Cheskin Research, and these people, Davis Masten and Christopher Ireland, 关于在Interval公司的研究工作 我们和另一家叫做Cheskin Research的公司合作， 包括他们的同事Davis Masten和Christopher Ireland， 24.changed my mind entirely about what market research was, and what it could be. 彻底改变了我对于市场调研是什么 和它能够做什么的看法。 25.They taught me how to look and see, and they did not do the incredibly stupid thing of saying to a child, "Of all these things we already make you, 他们教会我如何去观察和分析， 而且他们并沒有愚蠢地 去询问孩子： “在所有我们为你准备的之中， 26.which do you like best?" 你最喜欢什么？” 27.which gives you zero answer that's usable. 这种问题从不会给你有用的答案。 28.So, what we did for the first two and a half years was four things: We did an extensive review of the literature in related fields like cognitive psychology, 我们在刚开始的两年半内 做了四件事情： 我们在和文学相关的领域进行了广泛的分析评论， 其中包括认知心理学， 29.spacial cognition, gender studies, play theory, sociology, primatology -- thank you Frans de Waal, wherever you are, I love you and I'd give anything

1.We really need to put the best we have to offer within reach of our children. 我们的确需要把最好的资讯提供给孩子们，让他们随手可得。 2.If we don't do that, we're going to get the generation we deserve. 如果我们不那么做，那我们会得到我们应得的一代， 3.They're going to learn from whatever it is they have around them. 他们将会从周围的一切事物中随意地学习知识。 4.And we, as now the elite, parents, librarians, professionals, whatever it is, a bunch of our activities are, in fact, in trying to get the best we have to offer 而我们， 社会精英、家长、图书管理员、专业人士、以及其他各界人士， 事实上已经开展了一系列的活动，从而尽可能地提供最好的资讯 5.within reach of those around us, or as broadly as we can. 让我们身边的人随手可得，并尽量将范围扩大 6.I'm going to start and end this talk with a couple things that are carved in stone. 在这个演讲的开始和结尾， 我会讲述一些刻在石碑上的事情 7.One is what's on the Boston Public Library. 一块位于波士顿公共图书馆。 8.Carved above their door is, "Free to All." 图书馆的大门上刻着”一切都是免费的“ 9.It's kind of an inspiring statement, and I'll go back at the end of this. 这种说法让人深受启发， 我们会在演讲即将结束时再次回顾这句话。 10.I'm a librarian, and what I'm trying to do is bring all of the works of knowledge to as many people as want to read it. 我是一个图书管理员，我尽力地把所有的知识以及作品 提供给需要阅读它们的人。 11.And the idea of using technology is perfect for us. 运用现代科技是十分理想的。 12.I think we have the opportunity to one-up the Greeks. 我认为我们有机会超越希腊人。 13.It's not easy to one-up the Greeks. But with the industriousness of the Egyptians, they were able to build the Library of Alexandria -- 想要超越希腊人是不容易的。但依靠埃及人的勤勉， 他们建成了亚历山大图书馆—— 14.the idea of a copy of every book of all the peoples of the world. 以实现收藏世界上每本书的梦想。 15.The problem was, you actually had to go to Alexandria to go to it. 问题是，你需要去亚历山大图书馆才能看到这一切。 16.On other hand, if you did, then great things happened. 另一个方面，如果你真这么做了，那么大事就要发生了。 17.I think we can one-up the Greeks and achieve something. 我认为我们可以比希腊人更胜一筹，去实现某些梦想。 18.And I'm going to try to argue only one point today: that universal access to all knowledge is within our grasp. 今天我打算只探讨一个观点： 把我们可以获得的所有知识提供给所有人。 19.So if I'm successful, then you'll actually come away thinking, yeah, we could actually achieve the great vision of everything ever published, 如果我成功了，你一定会这样想， 是的，我们的确可以实现将所有已经出版， 20.everything that was ever meant for distribution, available to anybody in the world that's ever wanted to have access to it. 或曾经想要出版的知识， 呈现给世界上所有需要他们的人的伟大梦想。 21.Yes, there's issues about how money should be distributed and that's still being refigured out. 是的，这时出现了资金该如何分配的问题， 我们还在探索怎样解决这个问题 22.But I'd say there's plenty of money, and there's plenty of demand, so we can actually achieve that. 但我要说，这里有足够的资金，也有大量的需求。 所以我们是可以实现它的。 23.But I'm going to go over the technological, social and sort of where are we as a whole trying to get to that particular vision. 但是我会逐步探讨在技术层面，社会层面 以及目前进行的成果以达到这个目标 24.And the way I'm going to try to do this is do it like the Amazon.com website -- the books, music, video and just go step, media type by media type, 我将尽力用类似Amazon网站的方式来完成它 书籍、音乐、影像分门别类，按媒介的种类进行归档 25.just go and say, all right, how we doing on this? 然后，我们选择其中一个类别开始 26.So if we start with books, you know, sort of where are we? 假设我们从书籍开始，就从我们现有的资源着手 27.Well, first you have to, as an engineer, scope the problem. How big is it? 首先，作为一个工程师，你必须要衡量一下问题的范围，有多少数量的图书？ 28.If you wanted to put all of the published works online so that anybody could have it available, well, how big a problem is it? 我们现在设想的是把所有出版了的作品放在网上 因此任何人都可以随意取阅，那么，这个问题有多大呢？ 29.Well, we don't really know, but the largest print library in the world is the Library of Congress -- it's 26 million volumes, 26 million volumes. 我们不知道，世界上最大的出版物藏库 就是美国国会图书馆——那里有2600万卷藏书 30.It's by far and away the largest print library in the world. 它是目前世界上最大的出版物图书馆 **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.And a book, if you had a book, is about a megabyte, so -- you know, if you had it in Microsoft Word. 假设每一本书，大约是1兆字节的容量 并且，这本书是微软Word格式的 32.So a megabyte, 26 million megabytes is 26 terabytes, it goes mega, giga, tera, 26 terabytes. 一兆一本书，2600万兆字节（MB）就是26太字节（TB） 容量大小单位依次是MB，GB，TB，那里有26TB容量的信息 33.26 terabytes fits in a computer system that's about this big, on spinning Linux drives, and it costs about 60,000 dollars. 如果把26TB的数据导入到大约这么大、装有 Linux操作系统的计算机中，需要花费6万美元 34.So for the cost of a house -- or around here, a garage -- you can put -- you can have spinning all of the words in the Library of Congress. 因此，只需要一所房子，甚至只是这么大的一个车库 你就可以存储美国国会图书馆中所有书籍的内容 35.That's pretty neat. 而且这样存放是非常简洁的 36.Then the question is: what do you get? 但问题是：你得到了什么？ 37.You know, is it worth trying to get there? 这样做是有价值的吗？ 38.Do you actually want it online? 你确实希望把他们放到网上？ 39.Some of the first things that people do is they make book readers that allow you to search inside the books, and that's kind of fun. 一开始人们做的事情是让读者们 可以在书籍里任意搜寻一些资料，这种做法非常有趣 40.And you can download these things and look around

1.Bacteria are the oldest living organisms on the earth. 细菌是地球上最古老的生物. 2.They've been here for billions of years, and what they are are single-celled microscopic organisms. 它们已经存在数十亿年了 它们是单细胞微生物 3.So they are one cell and they have this special property that they only have one piece of DNA. 它们特征是只有一个细胞 还有就是它们只有一份DNA 4.They have very few genes, and genetic information to encode all of the traits that they carry out. 它们只有少量基因, 和遗传信息来编码它们表达的特性。 5.And the way bacteria make a living is that they consume nutrients from the environment, they grow to twice their size, they cut themselves down in the middle, 细菌生存的方法 是不断从环境中吸取养分? 在成长到两倍的体积后，它们从中一分为二 6.and one cell becomes two, and so on and so on. 分裂为两个细胞，如此循环 7.They just grow and divide, and grow and divide -- so a kind of boring life, except that what I would argue is that you have an amazing interaction with these critters. 它们不停得生长、分裂，然后再生长、再分裂—过着有点乏味的生活。 但是，今天我想告诉你 你与这些细菌有着惊人的互动关系 8.I know you guys think of yourself as humans, and this is sort of how I think of you. 我知道你认为你自己是人类，而这可能也是我如何看你们的 9.This man is supposed to represent a generic human being, and all of the circles in that man are all of the cells that make up your body. 在这里的是 一个一般人类的代表 在他身上所有的圆圈代表着各个组成人体的细胞 10.There is about a trillion human cells that make each one of us who we are and able to do all the things that we do, but you have 10 trillion bacterial cells 每个人体大约是由一兆个人体细胞所组成 它们让我们能完成各种各样我们想做的事情 但是，你一生中的每时每刻， 11.in you or on you at any moment in your life. 有大约十兆个细菌细胞生活在你的体内体表。 12.So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being. 所以，有十倍于人体细胞的细菌细胞 生活在一个人身上 13.And of course it's the DNA that counts, so here's all the A, T, Gs and Cs that make up your genetic code, and give you all your charming characteristics. 同理, 我们要算一下DNA 这是所有的 A, T, G 和 C (腺嘌呤, 胸腺嘧啶, 鸟嘌呤, 胞嘧啶) 组成你的基因密码, 赋予你所有的魅力特征. 14.You have about 30,000 genes. 你有3万左右的遗传基因, 15.Well it turns out you have 100 times more bacterial genes playing a role in you or on you all of your life. 而围绕你的细菌的遗传基因数量是你自己的100倍 它们在你的身体内部和表面上中始终扮演着重要的角色。 16.At the best, you're 10 percent human, but more likely about one percent human, depending on which of these metrics you like. 最乐观的看法是: 你只是"10分之1人", 事实上"100分之一人"更准确， 取决于你更喜欢用哪个尺度来衡量. 17.I know you think of yourself as human beings, but I think of you as 90 or 99 percent bacterial. 我知道你自认为是一个"人类", 但在我眼里你是90%~99%的细菌. 18.(Laughter) These bacteria are not passive riders, these are incredibly important, they keep us alive. (笑) 这些细菌不是顺从的乘客, 他们难以置信得重要, 他们让我们活着. 19.They cover us in an invisible body armor that keeps environmental insults out so that we stay healthy. 它们是我们身上的无形盔甲 阻断来之环境的伤害 保持我们的健康. 20.They digest our food, they make our vitamins, they actually educate your immune system to keep bad microbes out. 它们消化食物, 制造维他命, 它们还指导你的免疫系统 将有害微生物阻挡在体外。 21.So they do all these amazing things that help us and are vital for keeping us alive, and they never get any press for that. 它们尽心尽职干活 帮助我们，维护我们的生命。 却从没有因此得到过报道. 22.But they get a lot of press because they do a lot of terrible things as well. 反而却因为它们同时做的许多 坏事而时常见报。 23.So, there's all kinds of bacteria on the Earth that have no business being in you or on you at any time, and if they are, they make you incredibly sick. 地球上有无数种细菌 它们有些在任何时候都绝对不应该出现在你的体内体表， 然而假如你不幸遇到了, 那你一定会病得很厉害。 24.And so, the question for my lab is whether you want to think about all the good things that bacteria do, or all the bad things that bacteria do. 所以, 我们实验室研究的问题是, 正是你想知道的 细菌做的所有好事或者细菌做的所有坏事。 25.The question we had is how could they do anything at all? 我们曾经提出一个疑问: 它们究竟是怎么做到的? 26.I mean they're incredibly small, you have to have a microscope to see one. 我指的是, 它们是那么细微, 用显微镜才能看到一个。 27.They live this sort of boring life where they grow and divide, and they've always been considered to be these asocial reclusive organisms. 它们的生活好像只是单调乏味的成长与分裂， 而且长久以来被认为是不善社交的隐居生命体。 28.And so it seemed to us that they are just too small to have an impact on the environment if they simply act as individuals. 所以在我们看来, 它们实在是太渺小， 如果单枪匹马 根本到无法对环境产生任何影响。 29.And so we wanted to think if there couldn't be a different way that bacteria live. 所以我们正在探讨 细菌是不是有着特殊的生存方式。 30.The clue to this came from another marine bacterium, and it's a bacterium called Vibrio fischeri. 解答这个问题的线索 来自一种叫做费氏弧菌的海洋细菌。 **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.What you're looking at on this slide is just a person from my lab holding a flask of a liquid culture of a bacterium, a harmless beautiful bacterium that comes from the ocean, 你们在这张幻灯看到的，是我实验室的一个工作人员 握着一瓶装满这种细菌的培养液， 这是一种来自海洋的，美丽而且无害的细菌： 32.named Vibrio fischeri. "费氏弧菌". 33.This bacterium has the special property that it makes light, so it makes bioluminescence, like fireflies make light. 这种细菌的特性是会发光， 产生生物荧光, 像萤火虫一样。 34.We're not doing anything to the cells here.

1.What I'm going to show you first, as quickly as I can, is some foundational work, some new technology that we brought to Microsoft as part of an acquisition 首先，我要用最快的速度为大家演示 一些新技术的基础研究成果。 正好是一年前，微软收购了我们公司， 2.almost exactly a year ago. This is Seadragon. 而我们为微软带来了这项技术，它就是Seadragon。 3.And it's an environment in which you can either locally or remotely interact with vast amounts of visual data. Seadragon是一个软件环境，你可以通过它以近景或远景的方式 浏览浩瀚的可视化数据。 4.We're looking at many, many gigabytes of digital photos here and kind of seamlessly and continuously zooming in, panning through the thing, rearranging it in any way we want. 我们这里看到的是许多许多GB（千兆字节）级别的数码照片， 对它们可以进行持续并且平滑的放大， 可以通过全景的方式浏览它们，还可以对它们进行重新排列。 5.And it doesn't matter how much information we're looking at, how big these collections are or how big the images are. 不管所见到的数据有多少、 图像集有多大以及图像本身有多大，Seadragon都拥有这样的处理能力。 6.Most of them are ordinary digital camera photos, but this one, for example, is a scan from the Library of Congress, and it's in the 300 megapixel range. 以上展示的图片大部分都是由数码相机拍摄的照片， 但这个例子则不同，它是一张来自国会图书馆的扫描图片， 拥有3亿个像素。 7.It doesn't make any difference because the only thing that ought to limit the performance of a system like this one is the number of pixels on your screen 然而，浏览它并没有什么区别， 因为限制系统性能的唯一因素只是： 你所使用的屏幕的像素数。 8.at any given moment. It's also very flexible architecture. Seadragon同时也是一个非常灵活的架构。 9.This is an entire book, an example of non-image data. 举个例子，这是一本完整的书，它的数据是非图像的(文本)。 10.This is Bleak House by Dickens. Every column is a chapter. 这是狄更斯所著的《荒凉山庄》，一列就是一章的内容。 11.To prove to you that it's really text, and not an image, we can do something like so, to really show that this is a real representation of the text; it's not a picture. 我给大家证明一下这真的是文本而非图片， 我们可以这样操作， 大家可以看出这真的是文本，而不是一幅图片。 12.Maybe this is a kind of an artificial way to read an e-book. 也许这会是一种阅读电子书的方式， 13.I wouldn't recommend it. 但是我可不推荐这么做。 14.This is a more realistic case. This is an issue of The Guardian. 接下来是一个更加实际的例子，这是一期《卫报》。 15.Every large image is the beginning of a section. 每一张大图片是一版开篇， 16.And this really gives you the joy and the good experience of reading the real paper version of a magazine or a newspaper, which is an inherently multi-scale kind of medium. 而报纸或者杂志的纸质版本本身就包含了多种比例的图片， 在阅读的时候，读者会得到更好的阅读体验，从而享受阅读的乐趣。 17.We've also done a little something with the corner of this particular issue of The Guardian. 我们在这里做了小小的改动 在这一期《卫报》得角上。 18.We've made up a fake ad that's very high resolution -- much higher than you'd be able to get in an ordinary ad -- and we've embedded extra content. 我们虚构了一个高分辨率的广告图片—— 这比你平常看到的普通广告的分辨率要高很多， 在图片中嵌入了额外的内容。 19.If you want to see the features of this car, you can see it here. 如果你希望看到这辆车的特性，你可以看这里。 20.Or other models, or even technical specifications. 你还能看到其他的型号，甚至技术规格。 21.And this really gets at some of these ideas about really doing away with those limits on screen real estate. 这种方式在一定程度上 避免了屏幕实际使用面积的限制。 22.We hope that this means no more pop-ups and other kind of rubbish like that -- shouldn't be necessary. 我们希望这个技术能够减少不必要的弹出窗口 以及类似的垃圾信息。 23.Of course, mapping is one of those really obvious applications for a technology like this. 显然，对于这项技术的应用， 数字地图也是显而易见的应用之一。 24.And this one I really won't spend any time on, except to say that we have things to contribute to this field as well. 对此，我真的不想花费太多的时间进行介绍， 我只想告诉大家我们已经对这个领域做出了自己的贡献。 25.But those are all the roads in the U.S. 这些只是在NASA的地理空间图片基础上 26.superimposed on top of a NASA geospatial image. 进行叠加处理而得到的美国的道路地图

1.Well, as Alexander Graham Bell famously said on his first successful telephone call, "Hello, is that Domino's Pizza?" 发明家 亚历山大·格来汉姆·贝尔 在 打通了第一通电话后说: "您好，请问这是 达美乐披萨 吗？ 2.(Laughter) I just really want to thank you very much. （笑声） 我非常感谢你们。 3.As another famous man, Jerry Garcia, said, "What a strange, long trip." 如另一个名人，杰里·加西亚 说： “多么怪异，漫长的旅程。” 4.And he should have said, "What a strange, long trip it's about to become." 而他该说的是， “这旅程正要变的多么怪异，漫长。” 5.At this very moment, you are viewing my upper half. 此时此刻，你正看着我的上半身。 6.My lower half is appearing at a different conference -- (Laughter) in a different country. 我的下半身正出席着另一个会议 -- （笑声） 是在另一个国家的会议。 7.You can, it turns out, be in two places at once. 原来一个人，可以同时在两个地方出现。 8.But still, I'm sorry I can't be with you in person. 尽管如此，没能到现场，我很抱歉。 9.I'll explain at another time. 有机会再向你解释。 10.And though I'm a rock star, I just want to assure you that none of my wishes will include a hot tub. 也想向你保证，虽然我是个摇滚明星， 但我的愿望并不包括按摩浴缸。 11.But what really turns me on about technology is not just the ability to get more songs on mp3 players. 科技让我兴奋之处不只是 能在 MP3 播放机里放入更多首歌。 12.The revolution -- this revolution -- is much bigger than that. 革命 — 这个革命 — 不只如此。 13.I hope, I believe. 我希望，我相信。 14.What turns me on about the digital age, what excited me personally, is that you have closed the gap between dreaming and doing. 数码时代真正让我兴奋的， 让我欣喜若狂的， 是梦想与实践的距离已缩短。 15.You see, it used to be that if you wanted to make a record of a song, you needed a studio and a producer. 以前，若想录制一首歌， 你需要一间录音室，和一位制作人。 16.Now, you need a laptop. 现在，你需要的仅是一台手提电脑。 17.If you wanted to make a film, you needed a mass of equipment and a Hollywood budget. 如果要制作电影，你需要大量的器材 和好莱坞级的资金。 18.Now, you need a camera that fits in your palm, and a couple of bucks for a blank DVD. 现在你只需要一架手掌般大小的摄影机， 和购买空白光碟的几块钱。 19.Imagination has been decoupled from the old constraints. 想象已脱离旧约束。 20.And that really, really excites me. 那让我特别兴奋。 21.I'm excited when I glimpse that kind of thinking writ large. 每当我看见那种想法显现，我都无比欣喜。 22.What I would like to see is idealism decoupled from all constraints. 我更想看到理想主义脱离旧约束。 23.Political, economic, psychological, whatever. 政治，经济，心理，等等。 24.The geopolitical world has got a lot to learn from the digital world. 地缘政界有许多该向数码界学习的。 25.From the ease with which you swept away obstacles that no one knew could even be budged. 你们轻易地把没人知道能动摇 的障碍扫到一旁去。 26.And that's actually what I'd like to talk about today. 那就是我今天想提的。 27.First, though, I should probably explain why, and how, I got to this place. 也许我该解释，我为什么，怎么， 来到这里。 28.It's a journey that started 20 years ago. 这是二十年前开始的旅程。 29.You may remember that song, "We Are the World," 你也许会记得这首歌，“We Are the World," 30.or, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" 或，“Do They Know It's Christmas?" **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.Band Aid, Live Aid. 援助乐团, 现场援助（演唱会）。 32.Another very tall, grizzled rock star, my friend Sir Bob Geldof, issued a challenge to "feed the world." 非常高大，头发斑白的摇滚巨星，兼我的朋友 鲍勃·格尔多夫 爵士，挑战我 来“喂养世界”。 33.It was a great moment, and it utterly changed my life. 那是很重要的一刻，那一刻彻底地改变我的一生。 34.That summer, my wife, Ali, and myself went to Ethiopia. 那个夏天，我和我太太，艾丽,去了埃塞俄比亚。 35.We went on the quiet to see for ourselves what was going on. 我们悄悄地去了解那边的情况。 36.We lived in Ethiopia for a month, working at an orphanage. 我们在埃塞俄比亚住了一个月，在一个孤儿院工作。 37.The children had a name for me. 那里的小孩给我取了个名字。 38.They called me, "The girl with the beard." 他们叫我，“那个留着胡子的女孩。” 39.(Laughter) Don't ask. （笑声） 别问我为什么。 40.Anyway, we found Africa to be a magical place. 我们发现非洲充满魔力。 41.Big skies, big hearts, big, shining continent. 旷阔的天空，宽阔的心胸，光亮的大陆。 42.Beautiful, royal people. 美丽，高贵的人。 43.Anybody who ever gave anything to Africa got a lot more back. 任何为非洲付出过的人，都回得到更多的回报。 44.Ethiopia didn't just blow my mind; it opened my mind. 埃塞俄比亚不只让我感到震撼，她让我开阔视野。 45.Anyway, on our last day at this orphanage a man handed me his baby and said, "Would you take my son with you?" 我们在孤儿院的最后一天， 有个男人把他的婴儿交给我说， “你能把我的儿子一起带走吗？” 46.He knew, in Ireland, that his son would live, and that in Ethiopia, his son would die. 他知道，在爱尔兰，他的儿子就能活下去， 在埃塞俄比亚，他的儿子就会死去。 47.It was the middle of that awful famine. 当时正处那可怕的饥荒。 48.Well, I turned him down. 我拒绝了他。 49.And it was a funny kind of sick feeling, but I turned him down. 那是一个很不舒服的感觉，可是我还是拒绝了他。 50.And it's a feeling I can't ever quite forget. 并且是我无法忘记的感觉。 51.And in that moment, I started this journey. 就在那一刻，我开始了这趟旅程。 52.In that moment, I became the worst thing of all: I became a rock star with a cause. 就在那一刻，我成了最糟糕的一样东西。 我成了有主张的摇滚明星。 53.Except this isn't the cause, is it? 只是这不是什么主张，是嘛？

1.What I'd like to talk about is really the biggest problems in the world. 我今天想和大家谈的都是地球上最严重的问题。 2.I'm not going to talk about "The Skeptical Environmentalist" -- probably that's also a good choice. 我不会谈到《持怀疑论的环保分子》这本书 虽然那未尝不是一个好选择。 3.(Laughter) But I am going talk about, what are the big problems in the world? （笑声） 我要说的， 是地球上最严重的问题是什么？ 4.And I must say, before I go on, I should ask every one of you to try and get out pen and paper because I'm actually going to ask you to help me to look at how we do that. 在我继续之前，我想请在座每一位朋友， 拿出纸和笔， 因为我将会请大家和我一起试试，看我们是怎样找出答案的。 5.So get out your pen and paper. 所以请你拿出纸和笔。 6.Bottom line is, there is a lot of problems out there in the world. 我们的底线，是我们这个世界有很多问题。 7.I'm just going to list some of them. 让我列举其中一些： 8.There are 800 million people starving. 全球有八亿人处于饥饿之中； 9.There's a billion people without clean drinking water. 有十亿人没有清洁食水； 10.Two billion people without sanitation. 二十亿人没有基本卫生设施； 11.There are several million people dying of HIV and AIDS. 几百万人死于爱滋病毒及爱滋病； 12.The lists go on and on. 这个清单可以一直数下去， 13.There's two billions of people who will be severely affected by climate change -- so on. 二十亿人会受到气候改变的严重影响 -- 等等， 等等。 14.There are many, many problems out there. 这个世界有很多很多的问题。 15.In an ideal world, we would solve them all, but we don't. 在一个完美的世界， 我们会解决所有的问题，可是实际上我们不会， 16.We don't actually solve all problems. 在现实世界，我们不会解决所有的问题。 17.And if we do not, the question I think we need to ask ourselves -- and that's why it's on the economy session -- is to say, if we don't do all things, we really have to start asking ourselves, 既然我们不会解决所有的问题，那我们便要问问自己 -- 这就是为什么这场演讲被安排在经济时段-- 既然我们不会应付全部问题，我们就应该开始问自己， 18.which ones should we solve first? 我们应该先解决那些问题? 19.And that's the question I'd like to ask you. 这就是今天我要问大家的问题。 20.If we had say, 50 billion dollars over the next four years to spend to do good in this world, where should we spend it? 设想如果我们有五百亿元，可以在未来四年， 用来为世界做点事，我们应该把钱花在哪儿？ 21.We identified 10 of the biggest challenges in the world, and I will just briefly read them. 我们找出地球面临的十项最大挑战， 让我很快的念出来。 22.Climate change, communicable diseases, conflicts, education, financial instability, governance and corruption, malnutrition and hunger, population migration, 气候变化，传染病，冲突， 教育， 金融波动，政府管治，贪污 营养不良及饥荒，人口迁移， 23.sanitation and water, and subsidies and trade barriers. 卫生及水源，经济资助及贸易壁壘。 24.We believe that these in many ways encompass the biggest problems in the world. 我们相信在很大程度上， 它们涵盖了世界最严重的问题。 25.The obvious question would be to ask, what do you think are the biggest things? 很明显，我们要问的问题是 哪些才是这些问题当中最重要的？ 26.Where should we start on solving these problems? 我们该从哪个问题着手解决呢？ 27.But that's a wrong problem to ask. 不过，这个问题其实问得不对， 28.That was actually the problem that was asked in Davos in January. 今年一月在瑞士达沃斯， 有人就确实提出过这个问题。 29.But of course, there's a problem in asking people to focus on problems. 当然， 把注意力集中在问题上，本身就是一个问题， 30.Because we can't solve problems. 因为总有我们解决不了的问题。 31.Surely the biggest problem we have in the world is that we all die. 我们都知道这个世界面对的最大问题就是我们都会死， 32.But we don't have a technology to solve that, right? 还没有一种科技可以解决这个问题，对不对？ 33.So the point is not to prioritize problems, but the point is to prioritize solutions to problems. 所以最重要的，不是为问题订出先后次序， 而是为解决方法订出先后次序。 34.And that would be -- of course that gets a little more complicated. 那就是说 -- 当然真正的情况没有那么简单， 35.To climate change that would be like Kyoto. 气候变化的解决方法可能是京都协议， 36.To communicable diseases, it might be health clinics or mosquito nets. 传染病的解决方法可能是医疗诊所和蚊帐， 37.To conflicts, it would be U.N.'s peacekeeping forces, and so on. 冲突的解决方法可能是联合国维持和平部队等等。 38.The point that I would like to ask you to try to do, is just in 30 seconds -- and I know this is in a sense an impossible task -- write down what you think 我想大家一起尝试做的是， 请你在三十秒之内 – 我知道这几乎是 不可能的 – 写出你认为 39.is probably some of the top priorities. 应该最优先着手的项目。 40.And also -- and that's, of course, where economics gets evil -- to put down what are the things we should not do, first. 还有 -- 这就是为什么经济考虑教人那么为难 -- 请你也写出哪些项目无须即时处理， 41.What should be at the bottom of the list? 请你也写出哪些项目无须即时处理， 42.Please, just take 30 seconds, perhaps talk to your neighbor, and just figure out what should be the top priorities and the bottom priorities of the solutions that we have 应该放到清单的最后。€ 请你试试，在三十秒之内，你可以和旁边的人商量， 想想哪些解决方法应该最优先进行， 43.to the world's biggest issues. 用来解决世界上最严重的问题。 44.The amazing part of this process -- and of course, I mean, I would love to -- I only have 18 minutes, I've already given you quite a substantial amount of my time, right? 这个过程最美妙的地方是 – 当然我很

1.First place I'd like to take you is what many believe will be the world's deepest natural abyss. 我要带大家去的第一个地方 是一个天然的深渊，许多人相信它将会被证明为世界最深之渊。 2.And I say believe because this process is still ongoing. 我说相信是因为这个探索过程还未结束。 3.Right now there are major expeditions being planned for next year that I'll talk a little bit about. 明年有几个很大的探险活动正在策划中 关于这个我会做些介绍 4.One of the things that's changed here, in the last 150 years since Jules Verne had great science-fiction concepts of what the underworld was like, 现在,变化之一是 自从儒勒?凡尔纳 在科幻小说里描绘了地底世界的样子后, 5.is that technology has enabled us to go to these places that were previously completely unknown and speculated about. 在过去的150年里，科技已使我们能够到达一些地方 这些地方是我们先前完全不知且不能想象的。 6.We can now descend thousands of meters into the Earth with relative impunity. 而我们现在能相对安全得深入地球几千米。 7.Along the way we've discovered fantastic abysses and chambers so large that you can see for hundreds of meters without a break in the line of sight. 沿途我们发现了奇异的深渊和岩洞。 那些岩洞大得异乎寻常， 一眼望去能看到几百米。 8.When you go on a thing like this, we can usually be in the field for anywhere from two to four months, with a team of as small as 20 or 30, to as big as 150. 当我们到了这样的岩洞时，我们经常会在那 待二至四个月， 我们的队伍规模小时二三十人，大时有一百五十人。 9.And a lot of people ask me, you know, what kind of people do you get for a project like this? 许多人问我 你们选什么样的人参加这样的项目？ 10.And while our selection process is not as rigorous as NASA, it's nonetheless thorough. 我们的筛选过程 不是像NASA(美国航空航天局)那么严格，但它又是周详的。 11.we're looking for competence, discipline, endurance, and strength. 我们寻找的是有能力胜任此工作，能严格约束自己，耐力长久而且体力充沛的人。 12.In case you're wondering, this is our strength test. 如果你想知道的话，这是我们的体能测试。 13.(Laughter) But we also value esprit de corps and the ability to diplomatically resolve inter-personal conflict while under great stress in remote locations. （笑） 但我们也重视团队精神 和善于解决人际矛盾的能力。 这些能力， 在人们身处僻壤 14.We have already gone far beyond the limits of human endurance. 压力巨大到远远超过人类耐力极限的时候尤其重要。 15.From the entrance, this is nothing like a commercial cave. 从洞口看，这绝不像个商业旅游的山洞。 16.You're looking at Camp Two in a place called J2, not K2, but J2. 你看到的是二号营地，它搭在J2,不是K2(世界第二高峰）,而是J2. 17.We're roughly two days from the entrance at that point. 在那里我们大约距出口两天路程。 18.And it's kind of like a high altitude mountaineering trip in reverse, except that you're now running a string of these things down. 它就像一场反方向的高海拔登山之旅， 不同的是你用绳子往下走 19.The idea is to try to provide some measure of physical comfort while you're down there, otherwise in damp, moist, cold conditions in utterly dark places. 这是让人们在这种地下环境中稍微觉得舒服些 要不然周围就是完全潮湿，寒冷而且漆黑的地方了。 20.I should mention that everything you're seeing here, by the way, is artificially illuminated at great effort. 我应该提一下，你在这儿看着的每一件东西 都是费了很大劲儿人为照亮的。 21.Otherwise it is completely dark in these places. 否则，在这些地方全都是黑的。 22.The deeper you go, the more you run into a conflict with water. 你越深入，就越要费力气抵抗地下水问题。 23.It's basically like a tree collecting water coming down. 它基本上就像是一棵向下吸水的树。 24.And eventually you get to places where it is formidable and dangerous and unfortunately slides just don't do justice. 最终你会到达了一个可怕的危险的地方 不幸的是这些幻灯片并不能充分显示（这些地方有多么可怕）。 25.So I've got a very brief clip here that was taken in the late 1980s. 所以我找了一个1980年代末拍的小短片。 26.So descend into Huautla Plateau in Mexico. 这是在墨西哥瓦乌拉特高原。 27.(Video) Now I have to tell you that the techniques being shown here are obsolete and dangerous. （视频） 现在我要提醒你们这里所用的技术 已经过时而且危险。 28.We would not do this today unless we were doing it for film. 现今除非是为了拍电影，否则我们不会这样做。 29.(Laughter) Along that same line, I have to tell you that with the spate of Hollywood movies that came out last year, we have never seen monsters underground -- （笑声） 同样地，我还要说 我们在底下从未见过 象去年新出的大量好莱坞电影中的怪兽， 30.at least the kind that eat you. 至少没见到吃人的怪兽。 **************************************************************** 本文来源于[育能软件] 更多更全，请登录NengSoft.com **************************************************************** 31.If there is a monster underground, it is the crushing psychological remoteness that begins to hit every member of the team once you cross about three days inbound from the nearest entrance. 如果有地下怪兽， 那一定是心中的能致命的孤寂 一旦你从最近的洞口深入三天， 这种孤寂感就开始侵袭队中的成员 32.Next year I'll be leading an international team to J2. 明年我要带领一支国际队伍去J2. 33.We're going to be shooting from minus 2,600 meters -- that's a little over 8,600 feet down -- at 30 kilometers from the entrance. 我们要从地下2600米处 大约8600多英尺之下--开始拍摄。 那个地方离洞口30千米处。 34.The lead crews will be underground for pushing 30 days straight. 先头部队将会在地下向前不停地推进30天。 35.I don't think there's been a mission like that in a long time. 我想已经很久没有象这样的探险活动了。 36.Eventually, if you keep going down in these things, probability says that you're going to run into a place like this. 最后，如果你一直向下深入这些洞穴， 概率上说你很可能进入一个 37.It's a place where there's a fold in the geologic stratum that collects water and fills to the roof. 有褶皱的 充满水的地方